MARC 21 Format for Authority Data: 008: Fixed-Length Data Elements (Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress)

Forty character positions (00-39) that contain positionally-defined data elements that provide coded information about the record as a whole or about special aspects of the 1XX heading or 4XX/5XX tracing fields. Undefined character positions contain a blank (#). All defined character positions must contain a defined code; for some 008 positions, this may be the fill character (|). The fill character may be used (in certain character positions) when a cataloging organization makes no attempt to code the character position. Field 008 is not repeatable.

Fill character is not allowed in field 008 positions 00-05 (Date entered on file) or 09 (Kind of record). Code n (Not applicable), when it is defined for a data element, indicates that the character position definition does not apply to the record.

These coded data elements are potentially useful for retrieval and data management purposes.

GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS

■ CHARACTER POSITIONS

00-05 - Date entered on file

Computer-generated, six numeric characters that indicates the date the MARC record was created. The date is given in the pattern yymmdd (yy for the year, mm for the month, and dd for the day).

Date entered on file in 008/00-05 is never changed. The date and time of latest transaction information in field 005 changes each time a transaction is made to the record. The latest transaction information enables an organization handling more than one version of a record to identify the most current version. The fill character (|) is not allowed in any of these positions.

06 - Direct or indirect geographic subdivision

Whether the subject heading system/thesaurus used to formulate the 1XX heading provides for subdividing the heading by the name of a country or other jurisdiction, region, or geographic feature. If the heading may be subdivided geographically, the 008/06 code identifies whether the direct or indirect method of subdivision is used. In an extended subject heading, 008/06 coding is based on the entire heading, including the subject subdivisions.

Code #, d, or i is used when the 1XX heading is appropriate for use as either a lead element or as a subject subdivision of a subject access entry in bibliographic records. Code n is used when the 1XX heading is not appropriate for subject access in bibliographic records.

07 - Romanization scheme

Whether the 1XX heading field contains the romanized form of a name or uniform title and identifies the romanization scheme used.

If the 1XX heading is not a romanized form, code n is used.

a - International standard

Romanization scheme used is an international standard, e.g., one of the tables published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).


008/07	a
100	1#$aŠalnm, Mošeh [Heading romanized following the ISO 259-1984 table for Hebrew.]

b - National standard

Romanization scheme used is a national standard, e.g., one published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

c - National library association standard

Romanization scheme used is a national library association standard, e.g., the ALA-LC Romanization Tables.


008/07	c
100	1#$aShternbukh, Moseheh [Heading romanized following the ALA-LC romanization table for Hebrew.]

d - National library or bibliographic agency standard

Romanization scheme used is a national library or bibliographic agency standard.

e - Local standard

Romanization scheme used is a local standard.

f - Standard of unknown origin

Romanization scheme used is a standard of unknown origin.

g - Conventional romanization or conventional form of name in language of cataloging agency

Romanization scheme used is a conventional romanization or the 1XX heading is a conventional form of name in the language of the cataloging agency.


008/07	g
100	1#$aSternbuch, Moses [Forenames were romanized following the King James Bible version of the name.]

n - Not applicable

1XX heading is not romanized.


008/07	n
100	1#$aJones, James E.,$cJr.

| - No attempt to code

08 - Language of catalog

Whether the heading in the 1XX field and its associated reference structure (that is, the headings in the 1XX, 260, 360, 4XX, 5XX, 663 and 664 fields) are valid according to the rules used in establishing headings for English-language catalogs, French-language catalogs, or both.

# - No information provided

No information as to the language of catalog in which the heading is valid is provided.

b - English and French

Headings in the record are valid in both English-language and French-language catalogs.


008/08	b
100	1#$aAtwood, Margaret$d1939-


008/08	b
110	2#$aNova Scotia Association of Architects

e - English only

Headings in the record are valid in English-language catalogs only and are not valid in French-language catalogs.


008/08	e
151	##$aSainte-Martine (Quebec)


008/08	e
110	1#$aOntario.$tHealth Disciplines Act


008/08	e
110	2#$aVindicators (Musical Group)


008/08	e
110	2#$aLibrary and Archives Canada

f - French only

Headings in the record are valid in French-language catalogs only and are not valid in English-language catalogs.


008/08	f
151	##$aSainte-Martine (Québec)


008/08	f
110	2#$aVindicators (Groupe musical)


008/08	f
110	2#$aBibliothèque et Archives Canada


008/08	f
110	1#$aOntario.$tLoi sur les sciences de la santé

| - No attempt to code

09 - Kind of record

Whether the authority record represents an established or unestablished 1XX heading.

The kinds of authority records and types of headings identified by the codes defined for this data element are described in the Introduction to this document.

Use of traced and untraced references and the reference note fields is described in the Tracing and Reference Fields-General Information section.

a - Established heading

100-15X field contains an established name or subject heading that is authorized for use as the lead element in constructing certain access points of a bibliographic record. An established heading record may also contain 4XX/5XX tracing fields for variant and related headings and notes recording information such as the source used to establish the heading and information explaining scope and usage.

If an established 15X heading may also be used as a subject subdivision, code f is used in 008/09 when an organization uses one authority record to convey this dual function. When separate records are created, code a is used for the established heading record and code d is used for the subdivision record.

100-15X field contains an established name, name/title, uniform title, topical term, or one of these used in an extended subject heading.


008/09	a
100	1#$aMattern, Hermann,$d1902-1971


008/09	a
130	#0$aBulletin (Ahmadu Bello University. Dept. of Geology)


008/09	a
151	##$aIowa$xDescription and travel$y1981-


008/09	a
150	##$aChronology
680	##$iThe term$aChronology$ior$aHistory-Chronology$imay also be used as a subdivision under names of persons, places, [...] [A separate record is created for the subject subdivision Chronology.]

b - Untraced reference

100-15X field contains an unestablished heading that is not authorized for use as the element in an access point in a bibliographic record. The heading is not traced as a 4XX See From Tracing field in any other authority record. The reference record contains a Complex See Reference (260) or a General Explanatory Reference (666) field to guide the user to established heading(s).

If an unestablished 15X may also be used as a subject subdivision, code g is used in 008/09 when an organization uses one authority record to convey this dual function. When separate records are created, code b is used for the untraced reference record and code d is used for the subdivision record.


008/09	b
100	0#$aDe la
666	##$aNames beginning with this prefix are also entered under La (e.g., La Bretèque, Pierre de) or under the name following the prefix (e.g., Torre, Marie de la)

c - Traced reference

100-15X field contains an unestablished heading that is not authorized for use as the lead element in an access point in a bibliographic record. The heading is traced as a 4XX See From Tracing field in one or more other authority records. The reference record contains a Complex See Reference (260 or 664) field to guide the user to established heading(s).

100-15X field contains an unestablished heading that is traced as a 4XX field in the record for each established heading referred to in fields 260 or 664.


008/09	c
100	1#$aReger, Max,$d1873-1916.$tDies irae
664	##$aFor this movement included in the composer's unfinished Requiem search under$bReger, Max, 1873-1916.$tRequiem (Mass)


008/09	a [established heading record]
100	1#$aReger, Max,$d1873-1916.$tRequiem (Mass)
400	1#$wnnnb$aReger, Max,$d1873-1916.$tDies irae

d - Subdivision

18X field contains an unestablished heading that is the authorized form of a general or chronological term or a geographic name that is authorized for use as a subject subdivision in a subject access point in a bibliographic record. The record may also contain 48X/58X tracing fields for variant and related subject subdivision terms.

If the subdivision may also be used as an established heading, code f is used in 008/09 when an organization uses one authority record to convey this dual function. When a subdivision may also be used as an unestablished reference term, code g is used when an organization uses one authority record to convey this dual function. A 15X heading field contains the heading in a code f or g record.

18X field contains an unestablished heading that may be used as a subject subdivision with an established heading.


008/09	d
180	##$xdrug effects


008/09	d
180	##$xAdministration
680	##$iThis term may be used as a subdivision under types of institutions, e.g.$aHospitals-Administration.$iThe term$aManagement$iis used under types of industries.
580	##$xManagement


008/09	d
180	##$xChronology
680	##$iThe term$aHistory-Chronology$imay be used under names of persons, places, corporate bodies, sacred works, ethnic groups, and$aIndians of North America,$iand topical headings.
580	##$xHistory$xChronology

e - Node label

15X field contains an unestablished term that is the authorized form that is used in the systematic section of a thesaurus to indicate the logical basis on which a category has been divided.

This type of heading may also include a designation of facet. The term is not used as an indexing term.


008/09	e
150	##$acatalogs by source

f - Established heading and subdivision

15X field contains an established general or chronological term or a geographic name heading that is also authorized for use as a subdivision in a subject access point in a bibliographic record. One authority record is used to describe this dual function. The record may also contain a reference note field that explains the dual function.

When separate authority records are created, code a is used for the established heading record and code d is used for the subdivision record. A 18X heading field is used in the subdivision record.

15X field contains an established heading that may be used as a main term and as a subject subdivision.


008/09	f
150	##$aChronology
360	##$isubdivision$aChronology$ior$aHistory-Chronology$iunder names of persons, places, corporate bodies, sacred works, ethnic groups, and$aIndians of North America,$iand topical headings


008/09	f
151	##$aGreat Lakes
680	##$iThis term is to be used only as a geographic descriptor and may not be subdivided. It may, however, be used to subdivide topical indexing terms.

g - Reference and subdivision

15X field contains an unestablished untraced reference heading that is also authorized for use as a subdivision in a subject access point in a bibliographic record. One authority record is used to describe this dual function. The record may also contain a reference note field that explains the dual function.

When separate authority records are created, code b is used for the untraced reference record and code d is used for the subdivision record. A 18X heading field is used in the subdivision record.

15X field contains an unestablished heading that may be used as a reference term and as a subject subdivision.


008/09	g
150	##$aDictionaries
260	##$isubdivision$aDictionaries$iunder specific subject terms

| - No attempt to code

10 - Descriptive cataloging rules

Descriptive cataloging rules used to formulate a name, name/title, or uniform title 1XX heading in established heading or reference records.

Heading formulated according to descriptive cataloging rules that is used as a subject access point in bibliographic records may also be coded for a particular set of subject heading system/thesaurus conventions in 008/11. If the 1XX heading is not formulated using descriptive cataloging rules, code n is used.

a - Earlier rules

Formulation of the 1XX heading conforms to descriptive cataloging rules used prior to the 1967 publication of Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR 1).


008/10	a
100	1#$aSmith, John,$dAug. 5, 1882- [Headings established using the A.L.A. Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries (1949)]


008/10	a
110	1#$aBirmingham, Eng.$bKing Edward's School [Headings established using the A.L.A. Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries (1949)]

b - AACR 1

Formulation of the 1XX heading conforms to the 1967 Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR 1).


008/10	b
100	1#$aSmith, John,$d1882 (Aug. 5)-


008/10	b
110	1#$aUnited States.$b87th Congress, 2d session,$d1962

c - AACR 2

Formulation of the 1XX heading conforms to the second edition (1978) or later editions of Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR 2) or published cataloging manuals based on the AACR 2.


008/10	c
100	1#$aSmith, John,$d1882 Aug. 5-


008/10	c
100	1#$aFrancis, D.$q(Dennis)


008/10	c
008/09	c [traced reference record]
008/14	b [heading may not be used as a main or added entry]
100	1#$aReger, Max,$d1873-1916.$tDies irae
664	##$aFor this movement included in the composer's unfinished Requiem search under$bReger, Max, 1873-1916.$tRequiem (Mass)

d - AACR 2 compatible heading

Formulation of the 1XX heading does not follow but is considered compatible with AACR 2.


008/10	d
100	1#$aPiton, Phillip,$cMrs.

z - Other

Formulation of the 1XX heading conforms to a set of descriptive cataloging conventions other than what is specified by one of the other defined codes.

Descriptive rules used to formulate the heading may be contained in subfield $e (Descriptive conventions) in field 040 (Cataloging Source).

n - Not applicable

1XX heading is not a name, name/title, or uniform title formulated according to descriptive cataloging rules and is not appropriate for use as a main or added entry in bibliographic records.


008/10	n
008/09	a [established heading record]
008/11	a [LCSH]
151	##$aRed River Valley (Minn. and N.D.-Man.)


008/10	n
008/09	a [established heading record]
008/11	c [MeSH]
150	##$aCommunicative Disorders


008/10	n
008/09	b [untraced reference record]
008/11	a [LCSH]
150	##$aSecurity measures
260	##$isubdivision$aSecurity measures$iunder particular subjects, e.g.$aIndustry-Security measures; United States. Atomic Energy Commission-Security measures


008/10	n
008/09	d [subdivision record]
180	##$xCase studies


008/10	n
008/09	b [node label record]
150	##$acatalogs by source

| - No attempt to code

11 - Subject heading system/thesaurus

Identifies the subject heading system/thesaurus conventions used to formulate the 1XX heading in established heading, reference, subdivision, or node label records.

Heading formulated according to descriptive cataloging rules that is used as a subject added entry in bibliographic records may also be coded for a particular set of descriptive conventions in 008/10. If the 1XX heading does not conform to subject heading/thesaurus conventions, code n is used.

a - Library of Congress Subject Headings

Formulation of the 1XX heading conforms to the Library of Congress online subject authority file is used in conjunction with the LC online names file (when appropriate) and the lists of free-floating subdivisions and other elements in Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject Headings, all of which are maintained by the Library of Congress.

1XX heading conforms to Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).


008/11	a
100	1#$aWagner, Richard,$d1813-1883$xPictorial works


008/11	a
150	##$aPASCAL (Computer program language)


008/11	a
151	##$aUnited States$xHistory$yCivil War, 1861-1865$xArt and the war


008/11	a
008/10	c [AACR 2]
008/15	a [heading may be used as a subject added entry]
100	1#$aShai, Mordekhai

b - LC subject headings for children's literature

Formulation of the 1XX heading conforms to the "AC Subject Headings" section of Library of Congress Subject Headings that is maintained by the Library of Congress.

1XX heading conforms to the "AC Subject Headings" section of LCSH.


008/11	b
100	1#$aColumbus, Christopher

c - Medical Subject Headings

Formulation of the 1XX heading conforms to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and/or the National Library of Medicine authority files, both of which are maintained by the National Library of Medicine.

1XX heading conforms to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).


008/11	c
150	##$aHospitals, General


008/11	c
008/10	c [AACR 2]
008/15	a [heading may be used as a subject added entry]
110	2#$aPan American Health Organization


008/11	c
008/09	d [subdivision record]
180	##$xpharmacology


008/11	c
008/09	e [node label record]
150	##$abiographies by subject

d - National Agricultural Library subject authority file

Formulation of the 1XX heading conforms to the National Agricultural Library subject authority file that is maintained by the National Agricultural Library.

1XX heading conforms to the NAL subject authority file.


008/11	d
150	##$aCosmochemistry


008/11	d
008/10	c [AACR 2]
008/15	a [heading may be used as a subject added entry]
110	2#$aFarm Credit System (U.S.)

k - Canadian Subject Headings

Formulation of the 1XX heading conforms to Canadian Subject Headings that is maintained by Library and Archives Canada.

1XX heading conforms to Canadian Subject Headings.


008/11	k
150	##$aItalian Canadians

n - Not applicable

1XX heading does not conform to subject heading system/thesaurus conventions and is not appropriate for use as a subject added entry in bibliographic records.


008/11	n
008/09	a [established heading record]
008/10	c [AACR 2]
008/39	# [Library of Congress cataloging]
151	##$aCeylon
551	##$wb$aSri Lanka [In the Library of Congress authority file, both Ceylon and Sri Lanka are appropriate for use in main or added entries; only Sri Lanka is used for subject added entries.]


008/11	n
008/09	c [traced reference record]
008/10	c [AACR 2]
100	1#$aReger, Max,$d1873-1916.$tDies irae
664	##$aFor this movement included in the composer's unfinished Requiem search under$bReger, Max, 1873-1916.$tRequiem (Mass)

r - Art and Architecture Thesaurus

Formulation of the 1XX heading conforms to the Art and Architecture Thesaurus that is maintained by the Getty Vocabulary Program.

1XX heading conforms to Art and Architecture Thesaurus.


008/11	r
150	##$acatalogs by source

s - Sears List of Subject Heading

Formulation of the 1XX heading conforms to the Sears List of Subject Headings.

1XX heading conforms to Sears List of Subject Headings.


008/11	s
150	##$aAutomobile insurance

v - Répertoire de vedettes-matière

Formulation of the 1XX heading conforms to the Répertoire de vedettes-matière that is maintained by the Bibliothèque de l'Université Laval.

1XX heading conforms to Répertoire de vedettes-matière.


008/11	v
150	##$aHumour canadien

z - Other

1XX heading conforms to subject heading system/thesaurus conventions other than that specified by one of the other defined codes. A MARC code for the conventions used to formulate the heading may be contained in subfield $f (Subject heading/thesaurus conventions) in field 040 (Cataloging Source).

| - No attempt to code

12 - Type of series

Type of series contained in the 1XX heading field in an established heading record.

Record may also contain series treatment information in fields 640-646. The codes distinguish between headings for monographic series and multipart items that are cataloged as a set and identify other headings that may be considered appropriate for use as a series added entry in bibliographic records, regardless of whether the series is actually traced.

a - Monographic series

1XX field contains an established heading for a collective title that applies to a group of separate publications and/or subseries, each of which also has its own title.


008/12	a
008/16	a [heading may be used as a series added entry]
130	#0$aBulletin (International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement)

b - Multipart item

1XX field contains an established heading for a collective title that applies to a multipart monographic publication.


008/12	b
008/16	a [heading may be used as a series added entry]
100	1#$aGreaves, Margaret.$tLittle box of ballet stories

c - Series-like phrase

1XX field contains a phrase that is not being used as a series in a bibliographic record.


008/12	c
008/16	a [heading may be used as a series added entry]
130	#0$aDawn books

n - Not applicable

1XX field does not represent a series or a series-like phrase and is not appropriate for use as a series added entry in bibliographic records.


008/12	n
008/16	b [heading may not be used as a series added entry]
130	#0$aDead Sea scrolls


008/12	n
008/16	b [heading may not be used as a series added entry]
100	1#$aShore, Kennethz - Other


008/12	z
008/16	a [heading may be used as a series added entry]
130	#0$aChinese studies in history

z - Other

1XX field contains a heading for a publication that does not fit any of the other defined codes but for which series-type treatment is required.

| - No attempt to code

13 - Numbered or unnumbered series

Whether the 1XX field contains an established heading for a numbered or unnumbered series or whether the series varies between being numbered and unnumbered.

Numbering characteristics of the series (or series-like phrase) represented by the 1XX heading.

a - Numbered

Series is numbered. If the individual items in the series are traced as series added entries in bibliographic records, field 642 (Series Numbering Example) contains the form of series numbering to be used in the tracing.


008/13	a
130	#0$aStructure and properties of cell membranes
642	##$av. 1$5DLC

b - Unnumbered

Series is unnumbered.


008/13	b
130	#0$aEPO dossier international

c - Numbering varies

Some issues of the series are numbered; others, published concurrently, are unnumbered. If the numbered items are traced as series added entries in bibliographic records, field 642 (Series Numbering Example) contains the structure of the numbering that is used in the tracing.


008/13	c
130	#0$aActualités de biochimie marine
642	##$av. 5$5DLC

n - Not applicable

1XX heading is not a series heading (008/12, code n).


008/13	n
100	1#$aKimura, Toshihiro

| - No attempt to code

14 - Heading use-main or added entry

Whether the 1XX field contains an established heading that conforms to descriptive cataloging rules and, therefore, is appropriate for use as a 1XX main entry or 7XX added entry field in bibliographic records.

a - Appropriate

1XX field contains an established name, name/title, or uniform title that conforms to descriptive cataloging rules.

Heading is appropriate for use as a main or added entry in bibliographic records.


008/14	a
100	1#$aSmith, Arthur D.$q(Arthur Dwight),$d1907-


008/14	a
110	2#$aAnnenberg School of Communications (University of Pennsylvania)


008/14	a
111	2#$aConference on the Quantitative Measures of China's Economic Output$d(1975 :$cBrookings Institution)


008/14	a
130	#0$aSerie Cuaderno de docencia


008/14	a
151	##$aBuenos Aires (Argentina : Province)

b - Not appropriate

1XX heading in an established heading record does not conform to descriptive cataloging conventions or the 1XX field contains an unestablished heading in a reference, subdivision, or node label record.

Headings are not appropriate for use as a main or added entry in bibliographic records.


008/14	b
008/09	b [untraced reference record]
150	##$aBadges of honor
260	##$isubdivision$aMedals, badges, decorations, etc.$iunder armies, navies, etc., e.g.$aUnited States. Navy-Medals, badges, decorations, etc.


008/14	b
008/09	c [traced reference record]
100	1#$aReger, Max,$d1873-1916.$tDies irae
664	##$aFor this movement included in the composer's unfinished Requiem search under$bReger, Max, 1873-1916.$tRequiem (Mass)


008/14	b
008/09	d [subdivision record]
180	##$xMedals, badges, decorations, etc.


008/14	b
008/09	e [node label record]
150	##$abiographies by subject


008/14	b
008/09	a [established heading record]
008/10	n [not established using descriptive cataloging rules]
150	##$aSuper Bowl Game (Football)


008/14	b
008/09	a [established heading record]
008/10	n [heading not established using descriptive cataloging rules]
150	##$aBeds in literature


008/14	b
008/09	a [established heading record]
008/10	n [heading not established using descriptive cataloging rules]
151	##$aLoire River Valley (France)


008/14	b
008/09	a [established heading record]
008/10	n [heading not established using descriptive cataloging rules]
151	##$aChina$xHistory$yMay Thirtieth Movement, 1925

| - No attempt to code

15 - Heading use-subject added entry

Whether the 1XX field contains an established heading that conforms to subject heading system/thesaurus conventions and, therefore, is appropriate for use as a 6XX subject access entry in bibliographic records.

a - Appropriate

1XX field contains an established heading name, name/title, uniform title, topical term, or extended subject heading that conforms to subject heading system/thesaurus conventions.

Headings are appropriate for use as a subject access entry in bibliographic records.


008/15	a
008/11	a [LCSH]
150	##$aSuper Bowl Game (Football)


008/15	a
008/11	a [LCSH]
150	##$aBeds in literature


008/15	a
008/11	a [LCSH]
151	##$aLoire River Valley (France)


008/15	a
008/10	c [AACR 2]
008/11	a [LCSH]
100	1#$aShai, Mordekhai


008/15	a
008/11	a [LCSH]
151	##$aChina$xHistory$yMay Thirtieth Movement, 1925

b - Not appropriate

1XX heading in an established heading record does not conform to subject heading system/thesaurus conventions or the 1XX field contains an unestablished heading in a reference, subdivision, or node label record.

Headings are not appropriate for use as a subject access entry in bibliographic records.


008/15	b
008/09	d [subdivision record]
008/11	c [MeSH]
180	##$xblood supply


008/15	b
008/09	b [untraced reference record]
150	##$aBadges of honor
260	##$isubdivision$aMedals, badges, decorations, etc.$iunder armies, navies, etc., e.g.$aUnited States. Navy-Medals, badges, decorations, etc.


008/15	b
008/09	c [traced reference record]
008/10	c [AACR 2]
100	1#$aReger, Max,$d1873-1916.$tDies irae
664	##$aFor this movement included in the composer's unfinished Requiem search under$bReger, Max, 1873-1916.z$tRequiem (Mass)


008/15	b
008/09	e [node label record]
008/11	c [MeSH]
150	##$acommercial catalogs by function


008/15	b
008/09	a [established heading record]
008/10	c [AACR 2]
008/39	# [Library of Congress cataloging]
151	##$aCeylon [Although both Ceylon and Sri Lanka are appropriate for use in main or added entries in the Library of Congress authority file, only Sri Lanka is used for subject added entries.]

| - No attempt to code

16 - Heading use-series added entry

Whether the 1XX field contains an established heading that conforms to descriptive cataloging rules, and, therefore, is appropriate for use as a series added entry in bibliographic records (4XX Series Statement-Added Entry; 8XX Series Added Entry).

a - Appropriate

1XX field contains a heading for a monographic series, a multipart item, an occasionally analyzable serial item, or a series-like phrase that is appropriate for use as a series added entry in a bibliographic records, regardless of whether the series is actually traced.

1XX heading in an established heading record represents one of the types of series coded in 008/12 (code a, b, c, or z).


008/16	a
008/12	a [a monographic series]
130	#0$aOccasional papers (University of Witwatersrand)


008/16	a
008/12	b [a multipart item]
110	2#$aAerospace Center (U.S.).$tJPC


008/16	a
008/12	z [an occasionally-analyzable item]
130	#0$aSIGOA newsletter


008/16	a
008/12	c [a series-like phrase]
130	#0$aDahood memorial lecture

b - Not appropriate

1XX field contains a reference, subdivision, or node label heading or an established heading that does not represent a series. These headings are not appropriate for use as a series added entry in bibliographic records.

1XX heading in an established heading record does not represent one of the types of series coded in 008/12 (code n) or the 1XX field contains an unestablished heading in a reference, subdivision, or node label record.


008/16	b
008/09	g [reference and subdivision record]
150	##$aDictionaries


008/16	b
008/09	d [subdivision record]
008/12	n [heading is not a series]
180	##$xMedals, badges, decorations, etc.


008/16	b
008/09	e [node label record]
150	##$abiographies by subject


008/16	b
008/12	n [heading is not a series]
100	1#$aIves, Charles,$d1874-1954.$tSet of 3 short pieces.$pScherzo


008/16	b
008/12	n [heading is not a series]
130	#0$aTreaty of Utrecht$d(1713)


008/16	b
008/12	n [heading is not a series]
150	##$aSeries, Arithmetic

| - No attempt to code

17 - Type of subject subdivision

Type of authorized subject subdivision contained in the 1XX heading field in a subdivision record, an established heading and subdivision record, or a reference and subdivision record. Code n is used in all other kinds of records.

a - Topical

1XX heading is an authorized topical subdivision.


008/17	a
008/09	d [subdivision record]
180	##$xadverse effects


008/17	a
008/09	f [established heading and subdivision record]
150	##$aFuture
360	##$isubdivision$aFuture$iunder specific subject terms

b - Form

1XX heading is an authorized form subdivision.


008/17	b
008/09	d [subdivision record]
185	##$vCongresses


008/17	b
008/09	g [reference and subdivision record]
150	##$aDictionaries
260	##$isubdivision$aDictionaries$iunder specific subject terms

c - Chronological

1XX heading is an authorized chronological subdivision.


008/17	c
008/09	d [subdivision record]
182	##$y20th century

d - Geographic

1XX heading is an authorized geographic subdivision.


008/17	d
008/09	d [subdivision record]
181	##$zOntario


008/17	d
008/09	f [established heading and subdivision record]
151	##$aGreat Lakes
680	##$iThis term is to be used only as a geographic descriptor and may not be subdivided. It may, however, be used to subdivide topical indexing terms.

e - Language

1XX heading is an authorized language subdivision.


008/17	e
008/09	d [subdivision record]
180	##$xGerman

n - Not applicable

1XX heading is not an authorized subject subdivision.


008/17	n
008/09	a [established heading record]
150	##$aElectroplating


008/17	n
008/09	b [traced reference record]
150	##$aFatigue of metals
260	##$isubdivision$aFatigue$iunder particular metals, e.g.$aSteel-Fatigue


008/17	n
008/09	a [established heading record]
110	1#$aQueensland.$bDept. of Employment and Labour Relations

| - No attempt to code

18-27 - Undefined character positions

Ten character positions that are undefined; each may contain a blank (#) or a fill character (|).

28 - Type of government agency

Jurisdictional level of a 1XX heading that is the name of a government agency. The heading may be a jurisdiction or a body created or controlled by a national, state, or local government (including intergovernmental bodies of all types).

Type of subject subdivision heading contained in the 1XX field of a subdivision record, an established heading and subdivision record, or a reference and subdivision record.

# - Not a government agency

1XX heading in an established heading record is not a government agency. Code # is also used in 008/28 in subdivision, reference, and node label records.


008/28	#
110	2#$aInternational Comparative Literature Association


008/28	#
130	#0$aBible

a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component

1XX heading is, or is authorized by, an autonomous or semi-autonomous component of a country.


008/28	a
151	##$aSabah

c - Multilocal

1XX heading is a government body that is authorized by a regional combination of jurisdictions below the state level.


008/28	c
110	2#$aHouston Independent School District

f - Federal/national

1XX heading is, or is authorized by, the government of a sovereign nation.


008/28	f
110	2#$aNational Agricultural Library

i - International intergovernmental

1XX heading is an international intergovernmental body.


008/28	i
110	2#$aUnited Nations.$bSecretary-General

l - Local

1XX heading is, or is authorized by, a county, city, town, etc., government.


008/28	l
151	##$aMexico City (Mexico)

m - Multistate

1XX heading is a government body that is authorized by a regional combination of jurisdictions at the state, provincial, territorial, etc., level.


008/28	m
110	2#$aCouncil of State Governments

o - Government agency-type undetermined

Jurisdictional level of the government body cannot be determined.

s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.

1XX heading is, or is authorized by, a state, province, territory, etc., government.


008/28	s
110	1#$aVirginia.$bGovernor

u - Unknown if heading is government agency

Cannot be determined whether the 1XX heading is a government agency.


008/28	u
110	2#$aAfghan Cartographic & Cadastral Survey Institute

z - Other

1XX heading is a government agency that is authorized by a level other than that specified by one of the other defined codes.


008/28	z
110	2#$aPatoka Lake Regional Planning Commission

| - No attempt to code

29 - Reference evaluation

Whether the 4XX/5XX tracing fields have been evaluated for their consistency with the rules used to formulate the 1XX heading in the record.

Used to identify possible heading/tracing inconsistencies when a major change in the rules used to formulate headings and references has not been fully implemented.

For example, in advance of implementing new rules, an organization may begin to add to its authority records a 4XX tracing reflecting the 1XX heading according to the new rules. When the rules are implemented, the 1XX headings in the database may be converted to the new rule form by switching the pertinent 4XX field and the 1XX field. The tracing fields in the record then must be evaluated for their consistency with the new 1XX heading. 008/29 is set to code b when the switch is made and then reset to code a after evaluation.

a - Tracings are consistent with the heading

4XX/5XX tracing fields in a record have been evaluated and are consistent with the rules used to formulate the 1XX heading in that record.


008/29	a
008/10	c [AACR 2]
110	1#$aMauritius.$bMinistry for Employment
410	1#$aMauritius.$bMinistère de l'emploi
410	1#$aMauritius.$bEmployment, Ministry for


008/29	a
008/10	c [AACR 2]
130	#0$aEconomic and statistical notes
410	1#$aGreat Britain.$bDept. of the Environment.$tEconomic and statistical notes


008/29	a
008/11	a [LCSH]
150	##$aActing for television
450	##$aTelevision acting
550	##$aActing

b - Tracings are not necessarily consistent with the heading

4XX/5XX tracing fields in a record have not been evaluated and may not be consistent with the rules used to formulate the 1XX heading in that record.


008/29	b
008/10	c [AACR 2]
110	2#$aTucson Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce
410	1#$aTucson, Ariz.$bMetropolitan Chamber of Commerce
510	1#$wa$aTucson, Ariz.$bChamber of Commerce

n - Not applicable

Record contains no 4XX/5XX tracing fields.


008/29	n
008/10	c [AACR 2]
100	1#$aAhlborn, Richard E.


008/29	n
008/11	a [LCSH]
150	##$aBa (Egyptian religion)

| - No attempt to code

30 - Undefined character position

Undefined; contains a blank (#) or a fill character (|).

31 - Record update in process

Whether a change in any field in a record is being considered.

Organizations investigating the modification may be identified by the MARC code contained in the last subfield $d of field 040 (Cataloging Source). Code b alerts users to a potential change in a record after its initial creation. The completeness of the authority information contained in the record is indicated in Leader/17 (Encoding level).

a - Record can be used

No change in the record is being considered and the data may be used.

b - Record is being updated

Change in the record is being considered and it may not be advisable to use the 1XX heading in bibliographic records.

| - No attempt to code

32 - Undifferentiated personal name

Whether the personal name in a name or name/title heading contained in field 100 in an established heading record or a reference record is used by one person or by two or more persons.

Code n is used if the 1XX heading is not a personal name or if the personal name is a family name (field 100, first indicator value 3).

If neither dates nor distinguishing terms are available to differentiate between two or more identical names, the same heading is used for all persons with the same name. In a single authority record, field 670 (Source Data Found) may contain a descriptive term for each person consisting of the title of the work cataloged and the person's relationship to it, e.g., [Author of Speciall Newes from Ireland].

a - Differentiated personal name

Personal name in field 100 is a unique name.


008/32	a
100	1#$aDring, Madeleine


008/32	a
100	1#$aCzerny, Carl,$d1791-1857.$tRicordanza


008/32	a
008/12	b [multipart item]
100	1#$aWatt-Evans, Lawrence,$d1954-$tThree world trilogy


008/32	a
008/09	c [untraced reference record]
100	1#$aReger, Max,$d1873-1916.$tDies irae
664	##$aFor this movement included in the composer's unfinished Requiem search under$bReger, Max, 1873-1916.$tRequiem (Mass)

b - Undifferentiated personal name

Personal name in field 100 is used by two or more persons.

No distinguishing information is available.


008/32	b
100	0#$aDivine of the Church of England
670	##$a[Author of A modest examination of the new oath of allegiance]
670	##$aHis A modest examination of the new oath of allegiance, 1689:$bt.p. (divine of the Church of England)
670	##$a[Author of Reasons against petitioning the King for restoring the deprived bishops without repentance]
670	##$aAuthor's Reasons against petitioning the King for restoring the deprived bishops without repentance, 1690:$bcaption t.p. (divine of the Church of England)

n - Not applicable

1XX heading is not a personal name or the personal name is a family name.


008/32	n
100	3#$aGuelf, House of


008/32	n
110	2#$aUniversity of Denver


008/32	n
130	#0$aOccasional papers of the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre


008/32	n
150	##$aBallet dancing


008/32	n
151	##$aParis (France)

| - No attempt to code

33 - Level of establishment

Extent to which the 100-151 heading conforms to the descriptive cataloging and/or subject heading system/thesaurus conventions used to formulate the heading. Codes a, b, c and d are used only in established heading records. Code n is used in all other kinds of records. The codes defined for 008/33 apply only to the 1XX heading field. The completeness of the authority information contained in the record is indicated in Leader/17 (Encoding level).

Extent to which the formulation of the 100-15X heading conforms to the descriptive cataloging rules coded in 008/10 and/or the subject heading system/thesaurus conventions coded in 008/11.

a - Fully established

100-151 heading is fully established. The heading may be used without reservation in a bibliographic record.


008/33	a
100	1#$aSwarts, Robert L.,$d1942-


008/33	a
150	##$aElectrons

b - Memorandum

100-151 heading is fully established but it has not been used in a bibliographic record. The authority work was done before the decision was made to not use the heading in a bibliographic record; however, the information is retained for probable future use. When the heading is used in a bibliographic record, code b may be changed to code a or c.


008/33	b
100	1#$aWellington, John,$d1958-
670	##$aMicroform review ten volume index, 1972-1981, c1982:$bCIP t.p. (John Wellington) data sheet (b. 9/10/58)

c - Provisional

100-151 heading cannot be formulated satisfactorily because of inadequate information. Further investigation should be made when the heading is next used in a bibliographic record. When the needed information is available, code c may be changed to code a.


008/33	c
110	2#$aFédération internationale de la précontrainte.$bWorking Group on Concrete Ships [The French form of the subordinate unit could not be found.]

d - Preliminary

100-151 heading is taken from a bibliographic record because the bibliographic item is not available at the time the heading is established. When the heading is used in a bibliographic record created from cataloging with an item in hand, code d may be changed to code a.

For example, authority records may be created for the 1XX headings in bibliographic records that are being converted retrospectively to machine-readable form.


008/33	d
100	1#$aArmstrong, William Herbert
670	##$aLCCN 56-1255: His Machine tools for metal cutting, 1957:$b(hdg.: Armstrong, William Herbert)

n - Not applicable

1XX field contains an unestablished heading in a reference, subdivision, reference and subdivision, or node label record.


008/33	n
008/09	c [untraced reference record]
150	##$aCelebrations, anniversaries, etc.
260	##$aAnniversaries, etc.$iunder names of individual persons and corporate bodies, under individual historic events, and under names countries, cities, etc.; and subdivision$aCentennial celebrations, etc.$iunder names of individual corporate bodies, under historic events, and under names of countries, cities, etc.


008/33	n
008/09	c [traced reference record]
100	1#$aReger, Max,$d1873-1916.$tDies irae
664	##$aFor this movement included in the composer's unfinished Requiem search under$bReger, Max, 1873-1916.$tRequiem (Mass)


008/33	n
008/09	d [subdivision record]
180	##$xadverse effects


008/33	n
008/09	e [node label record]
150	##$acataloging by source

| - No attempt to code

34-37 - Undefined character positions

Four character positions are undefined; each contains a blank (#) or a fill character (|).

38 - Modified record

Whether the record is modified from its intended content because it required characters that could not be converted into machine-readable form (e.g., nonroman characters) or because it exceeded a system-imposed maximum allowable length.

# - Not modified

Content of the record required no modification in order to be transcribed into machine-readable form.

s - Shortened

All of the data intended for the record is not included in the MARC record because the record would exceed the maximum length allowed by a particular system. The MARC 21 Specifications for Record Structure, Character Sets, Exchange Media states that MARC records have a maximum length of 99,999 characters.

Some of the data has been omitted because the record would have exceeded the maximum length allowed by a particular system.

x - Missing characters

Intended content of the record contained characters that could not be converted into machine-readable form (e.g., nonroman characters, mathematical symbols). Organizations now romanize nonroman characters and describe special symbols by a word or phrase.

Characters that could not be converted into machine-readable form due to character set limitations are missing from the record.

| - No attempt to code

39 - Cataloging source

Creator of an authority record. If the cataloging source is known, it is identified in subfield $a of field 040 (Cataloging Source). The parties responsible for the MARC authority record are determined by the code in 008/39 and the MARC code(s) or name(s) in field 040.

# - National bibliographic agency

National bibliographic agency (e.g., U.S. Library of Congress, Library and Archives Canada) is the creator of the original authority data.


008/39	#
040	##$aDLC$cDLC [Record was created and transcribed by the U.S. Library of Congress.]


008/39	#
040	##$aCaOONL$beng$cCaOONL [Record was created and transcribed by the Library and Archives Canada.]


008/39	#
040	##$aDNLM$cDNLM [Record was created and transcribed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine.]

c - Cooperative cataloging program

Creator of the authority data is a participant (other than a national bibliographic agency) in a cooperative cataloging program.


008/39	c
040	##$aNjP$cDLC [Cooperative cataloging by Princeton University, transcribed by LC.]

d - Other

Organization that is other than a national bibliographic agency or a participant in a cooperative cataloging program.


008/39	d
040	##$aWyU$cWyU [Record was created and transcribed by the University of Wyoming.]

u - Unknown

Creator of the authority data is unknown. This code is used when an organization transcribes manual authority data from an unknown source.

In this case, field 040 lacks a subfield $a and subfield $c contains the MARC code for the name of the transcribing organization.


008/39	u
040	##$cOrU [The University of Oregon is responsible for the content designation and transcription.]

| - No attempt to code

INPUT CONVENTIONS

CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY

008/07 - Romanization scheme

a - ALA-LC romanization tables [REDEFINED, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

b - Larousse [REDEFINED, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

c - ISO [REDEFINED, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

d - Conventional romanization or conventional form of name in language of cataloguing [REDEFINED, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

e - Other transliteration tables [REDEFINED, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

x - Not romanized [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

008/08 - Language of catalog [NEW, 1997] [USMARC only]

008/08 - Bilingual usage [REDEFINED, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

g - Headings valid in English-language catalogues; validity in French-language catalogues undetermined [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

h - Headings valid in French-language catalogues; validity in English-language catalogues undetermined [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

008/10 - Descriptive cataloging rules

c - Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, North American text, 1967 [REDEFINED, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

d - Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd edition, 1978 [REDEFINED, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

e - Non-AACR 2 form; decision to use with AACR 2 [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

f - Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, British edition, 1967 [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

x - No specific rules [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

u - Unknown [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

008/11 - Subject heading system/thesaurus

h - Hennepin County Library subject headings [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

l - Library of Congress Subject Headings [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

t - Canadian supplement to Sears List of Subject Headings [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

008/17 - Type of subject subdivision

# - Undefined [OBSOLETE, 1986]

008/28 - Type of government agency

p - Multijurisdictional (federal/provincial combinations or equivalent) [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

q - Multijurisdictional (provincial /local combinations or equivalent) [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

008/29 - Reference evaluation

# - Undefined [OBSOLETE, 1987]

008/30 - Conference/Meeting [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

Defined values were: 0 (Not a conference, meeting, or symposium), 1 (Conference, meeting, or symposium), 2 (Unknown).

008/35-37 - Language of heading code [OBSOLETE, 1986]

Records created prior to 1986 may contain a MARC language code or a # (blank) or a fill character (|) in each of these three character positions.

008/39 - Cataloguing source

# - National Library of Canada [CAN/MARC only]

# - Library of Congress [REDEFINED, 1997] [USMARC only]

a - National Agricultural Library [OBSOLETE, 1997]

b - National Library of Medicine [OBSOLETE, 1997]

h - Hennepin County Library [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

l - Library of Congress [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

s - Agency responsible for Sears List of Subject Headings [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

v - Université Laval [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

008/40 - Fill character usage [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

Defined values were: 0 (Fill character not used), 1 (Fill character used only in control fields (001-009)), 2 (Fill character used only in content designators of variable fields), 3 (Fill character used only in the control subfield $w) 4 (Fill character used in control fields (001-009) and $w), 5 (Fill character used in control fields (001-009) and content designators of variable fields), 6 (Fill character used in content designators of variable fields and $w), 9 (Fill characters used in control fields (001-009), content designators of variable fields and $w).


008/06	n
150	##$aPronunciation
260	##$isubdivision$aPronunciation$iunder names of languages and subjects, e.g.$aItalian language-Pronunication; Names-Pronunciation [An untraced reference record used by a system that does not create subject subdivision authority records.]

008 - Fixed-Length Data Elements (NR)

CHARACTER POSITION DEFINITION AND SCOPE

GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS

■ CHARACTER POSITIONS

INPUT CONVENTIONS

CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY


008/06	d
180	##$xGovernment policy [Subdivision heading may be subdivided directly, e.g., Construction industry-Government policy-British Columbia.]


008/06	i
150	##$aArt [Subject heading may be subdivided indirectly, e.g., Art-Italy-Rome.]


008/06	i
110	2#$aUnesco [Subject heading may be subdivided indirectly, e.g., Unesco-France-Paris.]


008/06	i
180	##$xHomes and haunts [Subject subdivision may be subdivided indirectly, e.g., Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616- Homes and haunts-England-London.]


008/06	n
151	##$aCeylon [The name Sri Lanka is used in subject access entries.]


008/06	n
180	##$xcatalogs by source [A node label record for a term that is not used for document indexing.]


008/06	#
150	##$aBoolean rings


008/06	#
151	##$aNestelberg (Austria)