856 - Electronic Location and Access (R)
MARC 21 Authority - Full
October 2003
First Indicator Access method # - No information provided 0 - Email 1 - FTP 2 - Remote login (Telnet) 3 - Dial-up 4 - HTTP 7 - Method specified in subfield $2
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Second Indicator Relationship # - No information provided 0 - Resource 1 - Version of resource 2 - Related resource 8 - No display constant generated
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Subfield Codes
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$a - Host name (R) $b - Access number (R) $c - Compression information (R) $d - Path (R) $f - Electronic name (R) $h - Processor of request (NR) $i - Instruction (R) $j - Bits per second (NR) $k - Password (NR) $l - Logon (NR) $m - Contact for access assistance (R) $n - Name of location of host (NR) $o - Operating system (NR) $p - Port (NR)
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$q - Electronic format type (NR) $r - Settings (NR) $s - File size (R) $t - Terminal emulation (R) $u - Uniform Resource Identifier (R) $v - Hours access method available (R) $w - Record control number (R) $x - Nonpublic note (R) $y - Link text (R) $z - Public note (R) $2 - Access method (NR) $3 - Materials specified (NR) $6 - Linkage (NR) $8 - Field link and sequence number (R)
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FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE
Information needed to locate and access electronic information. The field may be used in
an authority record to provide supplementary information available electronically about
the entity for which the record was created.
Field 856 is repeated when the location data elements vary (the URL in subfield
$u or subfields $a, $b, $d, when used). It
is also repeated when more than one access method is used, mirror sites are recorded,
different formats/resolutions with different URLs are indicated, and related items are
recorded.
See the Guidelines for the Use of Field
856 for a more thorough discussion on the use of field 856.
GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS
■ INDICATORS
First Indicator - Access method Value that defines the access method to the electronic resource. If the resource
is available by more than one access method, the field is repeated with data
appropriate to each method. When recording a URL in subfield $u, the
value corresponds to the access method (URL scheme), which is also the first
element in the URL string.
Methods defined are the main TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol) protocols.
# - No information provided Used when subfield $g contains a URN and there is no URL recorded in
subfield $u. When subfield $u contains a URL and subfield
$g is also present with a URN, the indicator value for the
appropriate access method of the URL is given.
0 - Email Access to the electronic resource is through electronic mail (email).Access includes subscribing to an electronic journal or electronic forum
through software intended to be used by an email system.
1 - FTP Access to the electronic resource is through the File Transfer Protocol
(FTP).
2 - Remote login (Telnet) Access to the electronic resource is through remote login (Telnet).
3 - Dial-up Access to the electronic resource is through a conventional telephone line
(dial-up).Additional information in subfields of the record may enable the user to
connect to the resource.
4 - HTTP Access to the electronic resource is through the Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP).
7 - Method specified in subfield $2 Access to the electronic resource is through a method other than the defined
values and for which an identifying code is given in subfield $2
(Source of access).
Second Indicator - Relationship Relationship between the electronic resource at the location identified in field
856 and the entity described in the record.
Only value # (No information provided) is used for authority records.
# - No information provided
0 - Resource
1 - Version of resource
2 - Related resource
8 - No display constant generated
Do not apply these indicator values to authority records.
■ SUBFIELD CODES
$a - Host name Fully qualified domain (host name) of the electronic location. It contains a
network address which is repeated if there is more than one address for the same
host.
$b - Access number Access number associated with a host. It can contain the Internet Protocol (IP)
numeric address if the item is an Internet resource, or a telephone number if
dial-up access is provided through a telephone line. This data may change
frequently and may be generated by the system, rather than statically stored.
May be repeated if all the other information in the field applies.
$c - Compression information Information about the compression of a file, in particular, whether a specific
program is required to decompress the file.
May be repeated if two compression programs are used, noting the latest
compression first.
$d - Path Path, the series of logical directory and subdirectory names that
indicate where a file is stored. The filename itself is recorded in subfield
$f. This may be a surrogate path leading the user to the host where
complete and current access information is stored in a locator table.
$f - Electronic name Electronic name of a file as it exists in the directory/subdirectory indicated in
subfield $d on the host identified in subfield $a. Subfield
$f may be repeated if a single logical file has been divided into parts
and stored under different names. In this case, the separate parts should
constitute a single bibliographic item. In all other cases, a file that may be
retrieved under different filenames contains multiple occurrences of field 856,
each with its corresponding electronic name in subfield $f. A filename
may include wildcard characters (e.g., * or ?) if applicable. Use subfield
$z to explain how files are named, if needed.
$h - Processor of request Username, or processor of the request; generally the data which precedes the
at sign (@) in the host address.
$i - Instruction Instruction or command needed for the remote host to process a request.
$j - Bits per second Lowest and highest number of bits (binary units) of data that can be
transmitted per second when connected to a host. The syntax for recording the
number of bits per second (BPS) should be: <Lowest
BPS>-<Highest BPS>. If only lowest given: <Lowest
BPS>- ; If only highest given: -<Highest BPS>.
$k - Password Password required to access the electronic resource. An FTP site may require the
user to enter an Internet Protocol address or may require a specific password.
Electronically accessed catalogs may also require a password. If a system that
requires a password will accept anything entered as valid, this subfield can be
omitted from field 856. This subfield is used to record general-use passwords, and
should not contain passwords requiring security. Textual instructions about
passwords are contained in subfield $z (Public note).
$l - Logon Characters needed to connect (i.e., logon, login, etc.) to an
electronic resource or FTP site. Used to record general-use logon strings which do
not require special security.
For many general-use File Transfer Protocol servers, access is gained by entering
the string "anonymous." An account number required for login may also be
indicated.
$m - Contact for access assistance Name of a contact for assistance in accessing a resource at the host specified in
subfield $a. For addresses relating to the content of the resource
itself (i.e. the item represented by the title recorded in field 245) rather than
access assistance, field 270 is used. If the address data is the same, use field
270.
$n - Name of location of host Conventional name of the location of the host in subfield $a, including
its physical (geographic) location.
$o - Operating system For informational purposes, the operating system used by the host specified in
subfield $a may be indicated here. Conventions for the path and
filenames may be dependent on the operating system of the host. For the operating
system of the resource itself (i.e., the item represented by the title recorded in
field 245), rather than the operating system of the host making it available,
field 753 (Technical Details Access to Computer Files), subfield $c
(Operating system) is used.
$p - Port Portion of the address that identifies a process or service in the host.
$q - Electronic format type Identification of the electronic format type, which is the data representation of
the resource, such as text/HTML, ASCII, Postscript file, executable application,
or JPEG image. Electronic format type may be taken from enumerated lists such as
registered Internet Media Types (MIME types).
The intent of specifying this element is to provide information necessary to allow
people or machines to make decisions about the usability of the encoded data (what
hardware and software might be required to display or execute it, for example).
The electronic format type also determines the file transfer mode, or how data are
transferred through a network. (Usually, a text file can be transferred as
character data which generally restricts the text to characters in the ASCII
(American National Standard Code for Information Interchange (ANSI
X3.4)) character set (i.e., the basic Latin alphabet, digits 0-9, a few special
characters, and most punctuation marks) and text files with characters outside of
the ASCII set, or non-textual data (e.g., computer programs, image data) must be
transferred using another binary mode.)
$r - Settings Settings used for transferring data. Included in settings are: 1) Number Data Bits
(the number of bits per character); 2) Number Stop Bits (the number of bits to
signal the end of a byte); and 3) Parity (the parity checking technique used). The
syntax of these elements is:
<Parity>-<Number Data Bits>-<Number Stop
Bits>
If only the parity is given, the other elements of settings and their related
hyphens are omitted (i.e., <Parity>). If one of the other two
elements is given, the hyphen for the missing element is recorded in its proper
position (i.e., <Parity>--<Number Stop Bits> or
<Parity>-<Number Data Bits>-). The values for parity
are: O (Odd), E (Even), N (None), S (Space), and M (Mark).
$s - File size Size of the file as stored under the filename indicated in subfield $f.
It is generally expressed in terms of 8-bit bytes (octets). It may be repeated in
cases where the filename is repeated and directly follows the subfield
$f to which it applies. This information is not given for journals,
since field 856 relates to the entire title, not to particular issues.
$t - Terminal emulation Indication of a terminal emulation supported. Terminal emulation is usually
specified for remote login (first indicator contains value 2 (Remote login
(Telnet))).
$u - Uniform Resource Identifier Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), which provides standard syntax for locating an
object using existing Internet protocols or by resolution of a URN. Field 856 is
structured to allow for the creation of a URL from the concatenation of other
separate 856 subfields. Subfield $u may be used instead of those
separate subfields or in addition to them.
May be repeated only if both a URN or a URL or more than one URN are recorded.
$v - Hours access method available Hours that access to an electronic resource is available at the location indicated
in this field. Only used to record hours of availability of the specific location
indicated in field 856.
$w - Record control number System control number of the related record preceded by the MARC code, enclosed in
parentheses, for the agency to which the control number applies. The data in the
subfield links field 856 to the MARC record having the same data in a control
number field. See Appendix G for a listing of organization code sources used in
MARC 21 records.
$x - Nonpublic note Note relating to the electronic location of the source identified in the field.
The note is written in a form that is not adequate or intended for public display.
It may also contain processing information about the file at the location
specified.
$y - Link text Link text is used for display in place of the URL in subfield $u
(Uniform resource identifier). When subfield $y is present,
applications should use the contents of it as the link instead of subfield
$u linking to the destination in subfield $u.
Use of the link text is independent of any decision concerning the second
indicator value.
$z - Public note Note relating to the electronic location of the source identified in the field.
The note is written in a form that is adequate or intended for public display.
$3 - Materials specified Information that specifies the part of the entity to which the field applies.
$8 - Field link and sequence number
■ EXAMPLES
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856 with URL/URN:
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100 |
1#$aRussell,Bertrand,$d1872-1970 |
856 |
4#$uhttp://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell/russell.jpeg$yphotograph
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100 |
0#$aLeonardo,$cda Vinci,$d1452-1519.$tMona Lisa |
856 |
4#$uhttp://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/vinci/joconde/$ydescription
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856 |
4#$3image$uhttp://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/vinci/joconde/joconde.jpg
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110 |
2#$aLibrary of Congress.$bCopyright Office |
856 |
4#$uhttp://www.loc.gov/copyright
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111 |
2#$aInternational Conference on the Principles and Future
Development of AACR
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856 |
4#$uhttp://www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc/
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150 |
##$aPresidents’ spouses$zUnited States |
856 |
4#$uhttp://www.firstladies.org/
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INPUT CONVENTIONS
Spacing underscore and tilde in URLs - In February 1994, additional characters in the MARC character set were defined to both
accommodate existing bibliographic needs and to align it with the ASCII and ANSEL
character sets. Both the spacing underscore and the spacing tilde were added at the time
because of the need in directory and file names for electronic resources.
Many systems have implemented these characters, however, for systems that have not
implemented the spacing underscore and tilde, the following alternative characters may
be used:
%5F for spacing underscore |
%7E for spacing tilde |
Style for Recording Telephone, Numbers - In subfield $b, periods, spaces, and parentheses used to divide the portions
of a number are replaced with hyphens. Numbers are recorded as follows:
<country code>-<area/city
code>-<exchange/line number>
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Exchange/line number portion often includes internal separators which are replaced by
hyphens. If an extension is also given, it is appended to the telephone number preceded
by a space and "
x".
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856 |
3#$b1-202-7072316$j2400/9600$nLibrary of Congress, Washington, DC$oUNIX$rE-7-1$tvt100$zRequires logon and password
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CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY
$g - Uniform Resource Name [OBSOLETE, 2000]
Because subfield $g (Electronic name - End of range) was rarely if ever
used, it was redefined as Uniform Resource Name in 1997. It was subsequently made
obsolete in favor of recording the URN in subfield $u.
$u - Uniform Resource Identifier [RENAMED, 2000]
Prior to 1999, subfield $u was defined as repeatable. It was changed to
not repeatable in favor of repeating the field due to ambiguity in determining when
the subfield could be repeatable. Subfield $u was changed back to
repeatable and renamed in 2000 to record URNs after subfield $g was made
obsolete.
$y - Link text [NEW, 2000]