008 - All Materials (NR)

Computer-generated, six-character numeric string that indicates the date the MARC record was created. Recorded in the pattern yymmdd.

Pattern yymmdd is yy for the year, mm for the month, and dd for the day. The date entered on file in 008/00-05 is never changed. The date and time of latest transaction information in field 005 changes each time a transaction is made to the record. The latest transaction information enables an organization handling more than one version of a record to identify the most current version. The fill character (|) is not allowed in any of these positions. Field 008/00-05 is usually system generated.

One-character alphabetic code that indicates the type of dates given in 008/07-10 (Date 1) and 008/11-14 (Date 2). For continuing resources, the code in 008/06 also indicates the publication status.

The choice of code for 008/06 is made concurrently with a determination of the appropriate dates for 008/07-14. For most records data is derived from information in field 260 (Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)), field 264 (Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice), field 362 (Dates of Publication and/or Sequential Designation), or from note fields.

Dates are represented by four digits. Missing digits in the date are represented by the character u.

For continuing resources, 008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication (chronological designation) and 008/11-14 contain the ending date. For reprints of serials and for reproductions of serials being described in the body of the entry, the beginning and ending dates of the original are input in these character positions.

Precedence of codes (monographic items) - When more than one code applies to a bibliographic item, use the table below to determine the appropriate code to use. The codes listed first take precedence over codes listed subsequently. The left column covers single part items and multipart items completed in one year. The right column covers multipart items for which a span of dates is required.

Legal characters - Date 1 and Date 2 each usually consist of four digits (e.g., 1963). When part of the date is unknown, missing digits are represented by the character u (e.g., "19??" would be recorded as 19uu). If the date is totally unknown, the millennium may be inferred (e.g., 1uuu). For Common Era (C.E.) dates of the first millennium, the year is right justified and unused positions contain zeros (e.g., "946 A.D." would be recorded as 0946). When Date 1 or Date 2 is not applicable, such as when Before Common Era (B.C.) dates are involved, blanks are used (e.g., ####). For active serials (i.e., when the serial has not ceased publication) and incomplete multipart nonserial items, the date in 008/11-14 is represented by 9999 to indicate that the year is not yet available. The fill character (|) may also be used in 008/06-14 when no attempt has been made to code dates, but its use in 008/07-10 is discouraged. Many MARC-based systems rely on non-fill characters in 008/07-10 for retrieval and duplicate detection. When fill is used in either 008/07-10 or 008/11-14, it should be used in all four character positions, thus a combination of fills and any other character in either of these positions should never occur.

A date specified by the code in 008/06 (Type of date/Publication status).

Determination of dates for 008/07-10 is made concurrently with the choice of code for 008/06. See the section above on 008/06 for examples and input conventions related to coded date information. The use of fill characters in 008/07-10, although possible, is discouraged since the data in Date 1 is used for retrieval and duplicate detection in many systems. When fill is used in 008/07-10, all four positions must contain the fill character.

A date specified by the code in 008/06 (Type of date/Publication status).

Determination of dates for 008/11-14 is made concurrently with the choice of code for 008/06. See the section above on 008/06 for examples and input conventions related to coded date information. Four fill characters (||||) are used when no attempt has been made to code these character positions.

Two- or three-character alphabetic code that indicates the place of publication, production, or execution. Place code is an authoritative-agency data element. Code from: MARC Code List for Countries. Choice of a MARC code is generally related to information in field 260 (Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)). The code recorded in 008/15-17 is used in conjunction with field 044 (Country of Producer Code) when more than one code is appropriate to an item. The first code in subfield $a of field 044 is recorded in 008/15-17. Three fill characters (|||) may be used in place of a valid code, but their use in 008/15-17 is discouraged. The data in this field 008 data element is used for retrieval and duplicate detection in many systems. When fill is used in 008/15-17, all three positions must contain the fill character.

Two-character codes are left justified and the unused position contains a blank (#). For items reprinted in the original print size, the code is based on the jurisdiction where the reprint was published and not on the jurisdiction associated with the original place of publication.

For sound recordings, the code represents the place where the recording company is located. For still images that are original or historical graphics, if geographic information can be deduced (as with some photographs), a place code is recorded in this character position. For archival moving images, the code represents the country of producing entity from field 257. For mass-produced videorecordings, the code represents the place of publication in field 260 (Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)).

When the place of publication/production/execution is totally unknown, code xx# is used.

When more than one place is involved, the first-named jurisdiction is coded in 008/15-17. The code for the first jurisdiction is repeated in field 044 (Country of producer code), followed by the codes for the other jurisdictions.

For visual materials and music, if the work is a multi-country production, the code for the first country is recorded in 008/15-17. The code for the first country is repeated in field 044 (Country of Producer Code), followed by the codes for countries of other bodies involved in the production. For serials and integrating resources, the country code reflects the place of publication of the latest issue, part or iteration. If the record is updated at a later time and the place has changed, the place of publication code is updated. For mixed materials, the code represents the repository where the material is assembled.

See one of the material specific 008/18-34 sections

Three-character alphabetic code that indicates the language of the item. Code from: MARC Code List for Languages. Choice of a MARC code is based on the predominant language of the item. Three fill characters (|||) may also be used if no attempt is made to code the language or if non-MARC language coding is preferred (and coded in field 041 (Language code)).

For language material (i.e., books and continuing resources), the language code is based on the text of the item. The term text refers to the principle work(s) included within the publication, excluding the preface, introduction, foreword, appendices, etc. For computer files, the language associated with the data and/or the user interface (e.g., textual displays, audible output in a language) determines the code used in 008/35-37, not the programming language. (Accompanying documentation in a language other than that of the data and/or user interface is coded in field 041.) For maps, the language of names and text associated with the map or globe determines the code used. For music, the predominant language of the sung or spoken text associated with the score or sound recording is recorded in 008/35-37. For visual materials, coding depends on the type of material. For moving image materials, the language content is defined as the sound track, the accompanying sound, or sign language. For moving image materials with no sound or sign language content or, if with sound, no narration, use zxx (no linguistic content). For filmstrips and slides, code for the text on the film, the accompanying sound or the accompanying printed script (for works with no sound or, if with sound, no narration). For all other still images, including original or historical graphic material and opaque and non-opaque graphic material, and three-dimensional materials, the language content is that associated with the material, i.e., captions or other text associated with the item or collection that are part of the chief source of information. For mixed materials the language code is based on the predominant language of an item or materials in a collection.

When only one language is associated with an item, the code for that language is recorded.

If more than one language code is applicable, the code for the predominant language is recorded in 008/35-37, and the codes for all of the languages, including the predominant language, are recorded in field 041 (Language Code). The code recorded in 008/35-37 is always the same as the language code recorded in the first occurrence of subfields $a or $d (for sound recordings).

If there is no predominant language, the language codes are recorded in English alphabetical order in field 041 and the first one is recorded in 008/35-37.

When formulating a bibliographic record for a translation, the code for the language of the translation, not the language of the original, is given in 008/35-37. (The code for the language of the original is recorded in subfield $h of field 041.)

One-character code that indicates whether any data in a bibliographic record is a modification of information that appeared on the item being cataloged or that was intended to be included in the MARC record.

Such modifications include: the romanization of data that originally appeared in a non-roman script; substitution of characters available for those characters that could not be converted to machine-readable form (e.g., special symbols, "¤"); shortening of records because the amount of data exceeded a system imposed maximum allowable length. A record is not considered to be modified when romanizing fields in the record that are not transcriptions of data from the item (e.g., headings, complete nonquoted fields, subscription address, etc.). MARC equivalents for certain letters used in lesser known languages using the Roman alphabet are also not considered to be modified.

Precedence of codes - When more than one code applies to a bibliographic item, use the following table to determine the appropriate code to use. The codes are listed in precedence order, with codes listed first taking precedence over codes listed subsequently. Code # is the highest priority.

Codes are assigned a priority (recorded in the order of the following list) that determines which code is input when more than one code applies to the item.

Default recommended:

One-character code that indicates the original cataloging source of the record. If the cataloging source is known, it is identified in subfield $a of field 040 (Cataloging Source).