MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data: 008: Books (Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress)

Books definition of field 008/18-34 is used when Leader/06 (Type of record) contains code a (Language material) or t (Manuscript language material) and Leader/07 (Bibliographic level) contains code a (Monographic component part), c (Collection), d (Subunit), or m (Monograph). Field 008 positions 01-17 and 35-39 are defined the same in all 008 fields and are described in the 008-All materials section.

Field 008/18-34 correspond to equivalent positionally defined data elements in field 006/01-17 when field 006/00 (Form of material) contains code a (Language material) or t (Manuscript language material). Details about specific codes defined for the equivalent character positions in field 006 and 008 for books are provided in the Guidelines for Applying Content Designators section of 008-Books only.

GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS

■ CHARACTER POSITIONS

18-21 - Illustrations (006/01-04)

Up to four (4) one-character alphabetic codes (recorded in alphabetical order)that indicate the presence of types of illustrations in the item. If fewer than four alphabetic codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and unused positions contain blanks (#).

Represented by field 008 or 006 with a books configuration. Information for this character position is usually derived from terms in field 300 (Physical Description). If more than four codes are appropriate to an item, only the first four are recorded.

# - No illustrations

Work does not contain illustrations. When # is used in 008/18, it is always followed by three other blanks in 008/19-21.

a - Illustrations

Types of illustrations not covered by any of the more specific codes are coded using code a.

b - Maps

Used when the term map or maps is present in field 300.

c - Portraits

Used when the term port. or ports. is present in field 300.

d - Charts

Used when the term chart or charts is present in field 300.

e - Plans

Used when the term plan or plans is present in field 300.

f - Plates

Used when the term plate or plates is present in field 300.

g - Music

Used when the term music is present in field 300.

h - Facsimiles

Used when the term facsim. or facsims. is present in field 300.

i - Coats of arms

Used when the term coat of arms or coats of arms is present in field 300.

j - Genealogical tables

Used when the term geneal. table or geneal. tables is present in field 300. The presence of the term table or tables alone mandates the use of code a.

k - Forms

Used when the term form or forms is present in field 300.

l - Samples

Used when the term sample or samples is present in field 300.

m - Phonodisc, phonowire, etc.

Used, on current records, when the following terms are present in field 300: sound disc, sound cartridge, sound tape reel, sound cassette, roll, and cylinder. On older records, code m is used for any term beginning with phono, e.g., phonodisc.

o - Photographs

Used when the term photo. or photos. is present in field 300. If the photographs are of minor importance code a (Illustrations) may be used.

p - Illuminations


008/18-21	a###
300	##$a271 p. :$bill. ;$c21 cm.


008/18-21	f###
300	##$a246 p., 32 p. of plates ;$c26 cm.


008/18-21	ab##
300	##$bill., maps (in pocket)


008/18-21	acf#
300	##$bill., plates, ports.


008/18-21	acdg
300	##$bill., charts, facsim., music, ports.


008/18-21	####
300	##$a367 p. ;$c23 cm. [no illustrations in the item]

| - No attempt to code

22 - Target audience (006/05)

One-character alphabetic code that describes the intellectual level of the target audience for which the material is intended.

When items with factual content are considered appropriate for more than one target audience, the code is recorded for the primary target audience. If the record has both reading grade level and interest age or interest grade level information present in the 521 (Target Audience Note) field, 008/22 is coded based on the interest age.

# - Unknown or not specified

Target audience for which the material is intended is unknown or is not specified.


008/22	#
245	02$aA Consumer's guide to auto repair costs.

a - Preschool

Intended for children, approximate ages 0-5 years.

b - Primary

Intended for children, approximate ages 6-8 years.

c - Pre-adolescent

Intended for young people, approximate ages 9-13.

d - Adolescent

Intended for young people, approximate ages 14-17.

e - Adult

Intended for adults.

f - Specialized

Aimed at a particular audience and the nature of the presentation would make the item of little interest to other audiences. Examples of items which are coded f include: 1) technical material geared to a specialized audience, and 2) items which address a limited audience; for example, the employees of a single organization.


008/22	f
245	10$aMARC for library use.

g - General

Of general interest and not aimed at a particular target audience. The code is used for most fictional works that are not covered more appropriately by one of the other codes.


008/22	g
245	10$aLetter from Peking :$ba novel.

j - Juvenile

Intended for use by children and young people, approximate ages 0-15. The code is used when a more specific code for the juvenile target audience is not desired.


008/22	j
650	#0$aGrizzly bear$xJuvenile literature.


008/22	j
245	00$aSaturday morning heroes ...

| - No attempt to code

23 - Form of item (006/06)

One-character alphabetic code that specifies the form of material for the item.

# - None of the following

Not specified by one of the other codes.

a - Microfilm

b - Microfiche


008/23	b
300	##$a1 microfiche ;$c10 x 15 cm.

c - Microopaque

d - Large print


008/23	d
250	##$aLarge print ed.

f - Braille

o - Online

The resource is accessed by means of hardware and software connections to a communications network. If a distinction between types of electronic resources is not necessary, code s can be used as a generic code for any form of electronic resource.

q - Direct electronic

Storage on a directly accessible tangible recording medium, e.g. disc, tape, playaway device, flashdrive, portable hard drive, etc. If a distinction between types of electronic resources is not necessary, code s can be used as a generic code for any form of electronic resource.

r - Regular print reproduction

Eye-readable print, such as a photocopy.


008/23	r
500	##$aPhoto-reproduction of 1963 edition.

s - Electronic

Intended for manipulation by a computer. The item may reside in a carrier accessed either directly or remotely, in some cases requiring the use of peripheral devices attached to the computer (e.g., a CD-ROM player). This code is not used for items that do not require the use of a computer (e.g., music compact discs, videodiscs). This code can be used as a generic code for any form of electronic resource. Codes o and q may be used if there is a need to separately identify online and direct electronic resources.

| - No attempt to code

Use of this code is discouraged since form of item information is often used in retrieval and duplicate detection.

24-27 - Nature of contents (006/07-10)

Up to four one-character codes that indicate whether a significant part of the item is or contains certain types of material. If fewer than four codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and unused positions contain blanks (#).

Information for these character positions is usually derived from other areas of the bibliographic record (e.g., field 245 (Title Statement), 5XX (Note) fields, or 6XX (Subject Added Entry) fields). Up to four codes may be recorded. If more than four codes are appropriate to an item, the four most significant are selected.

# - No specified nature of contents

When # is used in 008/24, it is followed by three other blanks.


008/24-27	####
245	14$aThe responsibilities of leadership /$c ... [No special nature of contents given]

a - Abstracts/summaries

Abstracts or summaries of other publications. Not used when a publication includes an abstract or summary of its own content.

b - Bibliographies

All or part of an item is a bibliography or bibliographies. Used only if the bibliography is substantial enough to be mentioned in the bibliographic record.
Note: Because bibliographies are included as part of the definition of code n, code b is not used when code n is present.


008/24-27	b###
504	##$aBibliography: p. 104-177.c - Catalogs

c - Catalogs

Also includes lists of collectible objects, such as stamps and coins, or trade catalogs, etc. For catalogs of books, sound recordings, or motion pictures, code b (Bibliographies), code k (Discographies), or code q (Filmographies), are given with code c.

d - Dictionaries

Also used for a glossary or a gazetteer.

Concordances are coded as Indexes (code i). Monographic biographical dictionaries are coded as collected biography (code c) in 008/34 (Biography) rather than as a dictionary here.


008/24-27	d###
245	10$aDictionnaire de la langue québécoise.

e - Encyclopedias

Encyclopedia or an encyclopedic treatment of a specific topic.

f - Handbooks

g - Legal articles

Contains substantive articles on legal topics, such as those published in law school reviews.


008/24-27	gl##
245	10$aLaws of the land interpreted :$bcompendium of contemporary law with analyses and commentary /$cedited by ...

i - Indexes

Index to bibliographical material other than itself.

Not used when a publication contains an index to its own content.

j - Patent document

Detailed description of an invention or discovery of a new and useful process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, or improvements thereof. A patent document may be one of several kinds of documents: a patent or similar document (e.g., inventor's certificate), a patent application (domestic, foreign, priority application, etc.), or a continuation/division of one of the above.

k - Discographies

Entire item, or a significant part of it, is a discography or discographies, or other bibliography of recorded sound. Used only if the discography is substantial enough to be mentioned in the bibliographic record. For discographies that are also catalogs, both code k and code c are given.


008/24-27	bkq#
504	##$aBibliography: p. 80-84.
504	##$aDiscography: p. 85-97.
504	##$aFilmography: p. 98-101.

l - Legislation

Full or partial texts of enactments of legislative bodies, published either in statute or in code form, or texts of rules and regulations issued by executive or administrative agencies.

m - Theses

Thesis, dissertation, or work identified as having been created to satisfy the requirements for an academic certification or degree.

n - Surveys of literature in a subject area

Composed entirely of authored surveys that summarize what has been published about a subject.

Usually contains a list of references either in the body of the work or as a bibliography. Note: Because bibliographies are included as part of the definition of code n, code b (Bibliographies) should not be recorded when code n is present.

o - Reviews

Devoted entirely to critical reviews of published or performed works (e.g., books, films, sound recordings, theater).

p - Programmed texts

q - Filmographies

Entire item, or a significant part of it, is a filmography or other bibliography of moving images. Used only if the filmography is substantial enough to be mentioned in the bibliographic record. For filmographies that are also catalogs, both code q and code c (Catalogs) are given.


008/24-27	bkq#
504	##$aBibliography: p. 80-84.
504	##$aDiscography: p. 85-97.
504	##$aFilmography: p. 98-101.

r - Directories

Directory or register of persons or corporate bodies. Monographic biographical dictionaries are coded as collected biography (code c) in 008/34 (Biography) rather than as a directory here.

s - Statistics

Entire item, or a significant part of it, is a collection of statistical data on a subject. Not used for works about statistical methodology.

t - Technical reports

Work that is the result of scientific investigation or technical development, testing, or evaluation, presented in a form suitable for dissemination to the technical community.

u - Standards/specifications

Either an international, national or industry standard or a specification which gives a precise statement of a process or a service requirement.

v - Legal cases and case notes

Discussions, such as those in the case comments section of law school reviews, of particular legal cases that have been decided by, or that are pending before, courts or administrative agencies.

w - Law reports and digests

Texts of decisions of courts or administrative agencies. Also used when a work consists of texts of digests of such decisions.

y - Yearbooks

Reference publication issued on an annual or less frequent basis that contains articles summarizing the accomplishments or events of a particular year within a specific discipline or area of endeavor. Annual reports, which are administrative overviews of an organization, are not coded here.

z - Treaties

Treaty or accord negotiated between two or more parties to settle a disagreement, establish a relationship, grant rights, etc.

2 - Offprints

Publication that originally was published as an article in a monograph or a serial and that is also issued separately and independently. Includes preprints and postprints.

5 - Calendars

Published systems of organizing days. These may be academic calendars or almanacs, calendars published by bodies, such as labor organizations, library associations, etc.

6 - Comics/graphic novels

Instances of "sequential art" in which a story (whether fact or fiction) is told primarily through a set of images (often in the form of multiple "panels" per page) presented concurrently but meant to be "read" sequentially by the viewer. The accompanying narrative and/or dialog text, when it occurs, works integrally with the images to tell the story.

| - No attempt to code

28 - Government publication (006/11)

One-character code that indicates whether or not the item is published or produced by or for an international, national, state, provincial, or local government agency, or by any subdivision of such a body.

Also describes the jurisdictional level of the government agency associated with the item. A government body and all its subdivisions are treated as government bodies regardless of how they may be entered as headings (i.e., entered under jurisdiction or not). In the bibliographic record, the body does not have to be a main or added entry, but it should be named as publisher, etc. in the publication, distribution, etc. area, or have caused the item to be published (usually inferred when the governmental body is responsible for the content of the work). Use a code that corresponds to the status of the jurisdiction at the time the item was published. When in doubt, treat the item as a government publication.

Guidelines for certain types of publications

Socialist countries- Since the coding of all items published in socialist countries as government publications would limit the usefulness of this element, coding should be used only for the same type of bodies that would be considered government in a non-socialist country. In coding items in this manner, when in doubt, treat the item as a government publication.
Two levels- If an item is published or produced jointly by government agencies at two different levels, record the code for the higher government level.
Academic publications- In the U.S., items published by academic institutions are considered government publications if the institutions are created or controlled by a government.
University presses- In the U.S., items published by university presses are considered government publications if the presses are created or controlled by a government (e.g., state university presses in the United States).

# - Not a government publication

Not published by or for a government body.


008/28	#
110	2#$aInternational Comparative Literature Association.


008/28	#
260	##$aNew York :$bMacmillan,$c1983.

a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component

Published or produced by or for a government body of an autonomous or semi-autonomous component of a country.


008/28	a
110	1#$aSabah.

c - Multilocal

Published or produced by or for a multilocal jurisdiction which is defined as a regional combination of jurisdictions below the state level.


008/28	c
110	2#$aHouston Independent School District.

f - Federal/national

Published or produced by or for a federal or national government body (e.g., a sovereign nation, such as Canada). Used for the governments of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Also used for American Indian tribes.


008/28	f
110	2#$aNational Agricultural Library.

i - International intergovernmental

Published or produced by or for an international intergovernmental body.


008/28	i
110	2#$aUnited Nations.$bSecretary-General.

l - Local

Published or produced by or for a local government jurisdiction such as a town, city, county, etc.


008/28	l
110	1#$aMexico City (Mexico)

m - Multistate

Published or produced by or for a regional combination of jurisdictions at the state, provincial, territorial, etc. level.


008/28	m
110	2#$aCouncil of State Governments.

o - Government publication-level undetermined

Published or produced by or for a government body but that the jurisdictional level cannot be determined.

s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.

Jurisdictional level of the government body is a state, province, territory, or other dependent jurisdiction.


008/28	s
110	1#$aVirginia.$bGovernor.

u - Unknown if item is government publication

z - Other

None of the other defined codes are appropriate.

| - No attempt to code


008/33	0
100	1#$aClarke, Mary,$d1923-
245	10$aBallet in art :$bfrom the Renaissance to the present ...


008/33	1
100	1#$aDalgliesh, Alice,$d1893-
245	14$aThe bears on Hemlock Mountain ...
650	#1$aBears$xFiction.


008/34	b
100	1#$aDampenon, Philippe.
245	10$aMichel Sardou /$cpar Philippe Dampenon.

008 - Books (NR)

FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE

GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS

■ CHARACTER POSITIONS

INPUT CONVENTIONS

CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY


008/29	0
245	12$aA first course in physics /$cby Robert Andrew Millikan ...


008/29	1
245	10$aProceedings of the Third Seminar on Quantum Gravity ...


008/30	1
245	10$aFoundations of mathematics :$bsymposium papers commemorating the sixtieth birthday of Kurt Gödel.


008/30	1
245	10$aFestschrift to honor F. Wilbur Gingrich, lexicographer ...


008/31	0 [No indication of index in bibliographic data]


008/31	1
245	14$aThe corporate law of the District of Columbia :$bannotated : with index /$cby Frederick S. Tyler ...


008/34	c
245	10$aUnited States music :$bsources of bibliography and collective biography.


008/34	d
245	00$aCorrespondance inédite de Victor... $bprécédée d'une notice...


008/30	0
245	10$aEssays on nuclear physics.


008/31	1
500	##$aIncludes index.