MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data: 008: Computer Files (Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress)

Computer files definition of field 008/18-34 is used when Leader/06 (Type of record) contains code m. Field 008 positions 01-17 and 35-39 are defined the same in all 008 fields and are described in the 008-All materials section.

Field 008/18-34 correspond to equivalent positionally defined data elements in field 006/01-17 when field 006/00 (Form of material) contains code m (Computer file/Electronic resource). Details about specific codes defined for the equivalent character positions in field 006 and 008 for computer files are provided in the Guidelines for Applying Content Designators section of 008-Computer files only.

GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS

■ CHARACTER POSITIONS

18-21 - Undefined (006/01-04)

Four undefined character positions; each contains a blank (#) or a fill character (|).

22 - Target audience (006/05)

One-character alphabetic code indicates the target audience for which the material is intended.

Used primarily for educational electronic materials. When items with factual content are considered appropriate for more than one target audience, the code is recorded for the primary target audience.

If the record has both reading grade and interest age information present in the 521 (Target Audience Note) field, 008/22 is coded based on the interest age information.

# - Unknown or not specified

Target audience for which the material is intended is unknown or is not specified.


008/22	#
245	10$aMacPoint$h[electronic resource] /$cwritten by Bill Atkinson.

a - Preschool

Intended for children, approximate ages 0-5 years.


008/22	a
245	00$aSesame Street letters for you$h[electronic resource].

b - Primary

Intended for children, approximate ages 6-8 years.


008/22	b
245	10$aAlphabet zoo$h[electronic resource].

c - Pre-adolescent

Intended for young people, approximate ages 9-13.


008/22	c
245	10$aEating for good health$h[electronic resource] /$cwritten by Del Surette.

d - Adolescent

Intended for young people, approximate ages 14-17.


008/22	d
245	10$aBumble plot$h[electronic resource] /$cby Leslie Grimm ; artist, Corinne.

e - Adult

Intended for adults.


008/22	e
245	00$aMaInTax 1985$h[electronic resource] /$cdeveloped by Michael W. Morgan ...

f - Specialized

Aimed at a particular audience and the nature of the presentation would make the item of little interest to other audiences. Examples of items which are coded f include: 1) technical software geared to a very specialized audience and 2) items which address a limited audience, for example, the employees of a single organization.


008/22	f
245	00$aDimensional analysis$h[electronic resource] :$bengineering software ...

g - General

Of general interest and not aimed at an audience of a particular intellectual level. Used for fictional works that are not covered more appropriately by one of the other codes.


008/22	g
245	00$a[Lode runner]$h[electronic resource].

j - Juvenile

Intended for use by children and young people, approximate ages 0-15. Used when one does not want to more specifically code for the juvenile target audience.


008/22	j
245	00$aEasy color paint$h[electronic resource].

| - No attempt to code

23 - Form of item (006/06)

One-character alphabetic code that specifies the form of material for the item.

# - Unknown or not specified

o - Online

The resource is accessed by means of hardware and software connections to a communications network.

q - Direct electronic

Storage on a directly accessible tangible recording medium, e.g. disc, tape, playaway device, flashdrive, portable hard drive, etc.

| - No attempt to code

24-25 - Undefined (006/07-08)

Two undefined character positions; each contains a blank (#) or a fill character (|).

26 - Type of computer file (006/09)

One-character alphabetic code that indicates the type of computer file described in the bibliographic record.

Specific type of electronic resource is also described in textual form in field 516 (Type of Computer File or Data Note).

a - Numeric data

Mostly numbers or representation by numbers, such as records containing all information on student test scores, all information on football team statistics, etc. Information may be original surveys and/or information that has been summarized or statistically manipulated.


008/26	a
516	##$aNumeric data

b - Computer program

Ordered set of instructions directing the computer to perform basic operations and identifying the information and mechanisms required. Includes videogames and microcomputer software and computer models. Some types of computer programs (e.g., game, font) are identified by separate codes in this character position.


008/26	b
516	##$aComputer programs

c - Representational

Pictorial or graphic information that can be manipulated in conjunction with other types of files to produce graphic patterns that can be used to interpret and give meaning to the information.

Does not include a document in image format.


008/26	c
516	##$aGraphic data (Architectural drawings)

d - Document

Textual, consisting mostly of alphabetic information (words or sentences) converted into a coded format that can be processed, sorted, and manipulated by machine, and then retrieved in many optional formats. Includes language material intended to constitute a textual document, whether represented as ASCII or image data. Includes both single bibliographic entities or a collection of bibliographic entities. Documents whose primary purpose is textual, even if search software is present, are coded here.


008/26	d
516	##$aText (Law reports and digests)

e - Bibliographic data

Data with bibliographic citations. Includes data from library catalogs or citation databases. The data may be in a structured or unstructured form. Search software may be present, but the purpose of the record is description of the content of the bibliographic data or database, rather than description of the online system or service.


008/26	e
516	##$aLibrary catalog

f - Font

Information for a computer to produce fonts.


008/26	f
516	##$aFonts (Bitmapped and PostScript)

g - Game

Intended for recreational or educational use. Generally games consist of text and software. A videogame is included here.


008/26	g
516	##$aComputer game

h - Sound

Data encoding sounds producible by the computer.


008/26	h
516	##$aAudio data (Digital audio file)

i - Interactive multimedia

Supports navigation through and manipulation of many kinds of media (i.e., audio, video, etc.). Interactive multimedia usually gives the user a high level of control, often allowing almost conversational interaction with the computer and data.

j - Online system or service

May contain nonbibliographic information. An online system or service supports system-based user interaction. If the focus of the record is to describe the system itself, with the content of the databases incidental contained therein, it is coded here. If the resource is an online file where the system is incidental to the description, it falls into another category. Examples of online systems or services are: online library systems (consisting of a variety of databases), FTP sites, electronic bulletin boards, network information centers.


008/26	j
516	##$aCampus-wide information system

m - Combination

Combination of two or more of the above types of files.


008/26	m
516	##$aComputer programs and text files

u - Unknown

Type of file is unknown.


008/26	u

z - Other

None of the other defined codes are appropriate.


008/26	z
516	##$aMailing list

| - No attempt to code

27 - Undefined (006/10)

Undefined; contains a blank (#) or a fill character (|).

28 - Government publication (006/11)

One-character alphabetic code that indicates whether the computer file is published or produced by or for an international, national, provincial, state, or local government agency (including intergovermental bodies of all types), any subdivision of such a body and, if so, the jurisdictional level of the agency.

Government bodies and all their subdivisions are treated as government bodies regardless of how they may be entered as headings (i.e., entered under jurisdiction or not). In the bibliographic record, the body does not have to be a main or added entry, but it should be named as publisher, etc. in the publication, distribution, etc. area, or have caused the item to be published (usually inferred when the governmental body is responsible for the content of the work). When in doubt, treat the item as a government publication.

Guidelines for certain types of publications

Socialist countries- Since the coding of all items published in socialist countries as government publications would limit the usefulness of this element, coding should be used only for the same type of bodies that would be considered government in a non-socialist country. In coding items in this manner, when in doubt, treat the item as a government publication.
Two levels- If an item is published or produced jointly by government agencies at two different levels, record the code for the higher government level.
Academic publications- In the U.S., items published by academic institutions are considered government publications if the institutions are created or controlled by a government.
University presses- In the U.S., items published by university presses are considered government publications if the presses are created or controlled by a government (e.g., state university presses in the United States).

# - Not a government publication

Not published by or for a government body.


008/28	#
110	2#$aSentinel Software Ltd.


008/28	#
130	0#$aMs. Pac-Man.

a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component

Published or produced by or for a government body of an autonomous or semi-autonomous component of a country.


008/28	a
110	1#$aSabah.

c - Multilocal

Published or produced by or for a multilocal jurisdiction which is defined as a regional combination of jurisdictions below the state level.


008/28	c
110	2#$aHouston Independent School District.

f - Federal/national

Published or produced by or for a federal or national government body, e.g., a sovereign nation, such as Canada. Used for the governments of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Code f is also used for American Indian tribes.


008/28	f
110	2#$aCentre national de la recherche scientifique (France)

i - International intergovernmental

Published or produced by or for an international intergovernmental body.


008/28	i
110	2#$aUnesco.

l - Local

Published or produced by or for a local government jurisdiction such as a county, city, town, etc.


008/28	l
110	1#$aSchiedam (Netherlands)

m - Multistate

Published or produced by or for a regional combination of jurisdictions at the state, provincial, territorial, etc., level.


008/28	m
110	2#$aCouncil of State Governments.

o - Government publication-level undetermined

Published or produced by or for a government body but that the jurisdictional level cannot be determined.

s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.

Jurisdictional level of the government body that published or produced an item is a state, province, territory, etc.


008/28	s
110	1#$aVirginia.$bDivision of Motor Vehicles.

u - Unknown if item is government publication

Whether or not the item is published or produced by or for a government agency is unknown.

z - Other

None of the other defined codes are appropriate.

| - No attempt to code

29-34 - Undefined (006/12-17)

Six undefined character positions; each contains a blank (#) or a fill character (|).

INPUT CONVENTIONS

CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY

008/18 - Frequency [OBSOLETE, 1995]

Defined codes were: # (No determinable frequency), a (Annual), b (Bimonthly), c (Semiweekly), d (Daily), e (Biweekly), f (Semiannual), g (Biennial), h (Triennial), i (Three times a week), j (Three times a month), m (Monthly), n (Not applicable), q (Quarterly), s (Semimonthly), t (Three times a year), u (Unknown), w (Weekly), and z (Other). For serially issued computer files, frequency can be coded in field 006/01 configured for serials.

008/19 - Regularity [OBSOLETE, 1995]

Defined codes were: # (Not applicable), n (Normalized irregular), r (Regular), x (Completely irregular), and u (Unknown). For serially issued computer files, regularity can be coded in field 006/02 configured for serials.

008/22 - Target audience [NEW, 1988] [USMARC only]

Prior to the definition of this element, the byte was undefined. Prior to 1993, when code j (Juvenile) was defined, juvenile materials could only be identified by codes a (Preschool), b (Primary), and c (Elementary and junior high).

c - Elementary and junior high [RENAMED, 2002]

d - Secondary (senior high) [RENAMED, 2002]

008/23 - Form of item [NEW, 2010]

Prior to the definition of this element, the byte was undefined and contained a blank (#) or a fill character (|).

o - Online [NEW, 2010]

q - Direct electronic [NEW, 2010]

008/27 - Type of machine [OBSOLETE, 1989]

Defined codes were: a (Computer readable), z (Other).

008 - Computer Files (NR)

CHARACTER POSITION DEFINITION AND SCOPE

GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS

■ CHARACTER POSITIONS

INPUT CONVENTIONS

CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY