Field 008/18-34 corresponds to equivalent
positionally-defined data elements in field 006/01-17 when
field 006/00 (Form of material) contains code s
(Serial/Integrating resource). Details about specific codes
defined for the equivalent character positions in field 006 and
008 for serials and integrating resources are provided in the
Guidelines for Applying Content Designators section of
008-Continuing resources only.
24 - Nature of entire work (006/07)
One-character alphabetic code that indicates the nature of
an item if it consists entirely of a certain type
of material. If the item can be considered more than one
type of material, the types are recorded in 008/25-27
(Nature of contents) and 008/24 position is coded blank
(#).
Used to specify what type of publication the item
is as opposed to what it contains.
# - Not specified
Nature of the entire item is not specified.
a - Abstracts/summaries
Abstracts or summaries of other publications.
b - Bibliographies
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008/24 |
b |
245 |
00$aBibliographie des Schriftums für den Bereich der
Haushaltswissenschaft. |
c - Catalogs
List of items in a collection, such as a collection of
books, a collection of art objects, etc.
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008/24 |
c |
245 |
00$aLempertz-Katalog. |
d - Dictionaries
Also includes glossaries or gazetteers.
Concordances are coded as Indexes (code i). Serial
biographical dictionaries are coded as Biography (code
h).
e - Encyclopedias
Encyclopedia or an encyclopedic treatment of a specific
topic.
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008/24 |
e |
245 |
00$aEncyclopedia of social work. |
f - Handbooks
g - Legal articles
Substantive articles on legal topics, such as those
published in law school reviews.
h - Biography
Biographical material, whether autobiography, individual
biography, or collective biography. Genealogy is not
coded as biography.
i - Indexes
Index to bibliographical material other than itself
(e.g., an indexing journal).
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008/24 |
i |
245 |
00$aDeutsche
Bibliographie.$pHalbjahres-Verzeichnis. |
k - Discographies
Discography or other bibliography of recorded sound.
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008/24 |
k |
245 |
00$aJournal
of jazz discography. |
l - Legislation
Full or partial texts of enactments of legislative bodies
or texts of rules and regulations issued by executive or
administrative agencies.
Also used when a work consists of texts of rules and
regulations issued by executive or administrative
agencies.
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008/24 |
l |
245 |
00$aTax
legislation bulletin. |
m - Theses
Thesis, dissertation, or work identified as having been
created to satisfy the requirements for an academic
certification or degree.
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008/24 |
m |
245 |
00$aTheses
in progress in Commonwealth studies. |
n - Surveys of literature in a subject
area
Authored surveys that summarize what has been published
about a subject
Usually has a list of references either in the body of
the work or as a bibliography.
o - Reviews
Critical reviews of published or performed works (e.g.,
books, films, sound recordings, theater, etc.).
p - Programmed texts
q - Filmographies
Filmography or other bibliography of moving images.
r - Directories
Directory or register of persons or corporate bodies.
Serial biographical dictionaries are coded as Biography
(code h).
s - Statistics
Collection of statistical data on a subject. Not used for
works about statistical methodology.
t - Technical reports
Work that is the result of scientific investigation or
technical development, testing, or evaluation, presented
in a form suitable for dissemination to the technical
community.
u - Standards/specifications
Either an international, national, or industry standard
or a specification which gives a precise statement of a
process or service requirement.
v - Legal cases and case notes
Discussions, such as those in the case comments section
of law school reviews, of particular legal cases that
have been decided by, or that are pending before, courts
or administrative agencies.
w - Law reports and digests
Texts of decisions of courts or administrative agencies.
Also used when a work consists of texts of digests of
such decisions.
y - Yearbooks
Reference publication issued on an annual or less
frequent basis that contains articles summarizing the
accomplishments or events of a particular year within a
specific discipline or area of endeavor. Annual reports,
which are administrative overviews of an organization,
are not coded here.
z - Treaties
Treaties or accords negotiated between two or more
parties to settle a disagreement, establish a
relationship, grant rights, etc.
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008/24 |
z |
245 |
00$aGuide
to United States treaties in force. |
5 - Calendars
Published systems of organizing days. These may be
academic calendars or almanacs, calendars published by
bodies, such as labor organizations, library
associations, etc.
6 - Comics/graphic novels
Instances of "sequential art" in which a story (whether
fact or fiction) is told primarily through a set of
images (often in the form of multiple "panels" per page)
presented concurrently but meant to be "read"
sequentially by the viewer. The accompanying narrative
and/or dialog text, when it occurs, works integrally with
the images to tell the story.
| - No attempt to code
25-27 - Nature of contents (006/08-10)
Up to three one-character alphabetic codes (recorded in
alphabetical order) that indicate that a work
contains certain types of materials. If fewer than
three codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and
each unused position contains a blank (#).
Generally, a specific code is used only if a significant
part of the item is the type of material represented by the
code. Information for these character positions is usually
derived from other areas of the bibliographic record (e.g.,
field 245 (Title Statement), 5XX (Note) fields, or 6XX
(Subject Added Entry) fields). If more than three codes are
appropriate to the item, the three most significant are
selected and recorded in alphabetical order.
# - Not specified
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008/24 |
# |
008/25-27 |
### |
245 |
00$aJournal
of Ayurveda=$b ...
[No specified nature of contents is
appropriate] |
a - Abstracts/summaries
Abstracts or summaries of other
publications.
Not used when a publication includes an abstract or
summary of its own content.
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008/24 |
# |
008/25-27 |
a## |
245 |
00$aReview
of applied entomology.$nSeries B,$pMedical and
veterinary. |
650 |
#2$aVeterinary
entomology$xAbstracts$xPeriodicals. |
b - Bibliographies
Significant part of the item is a bibliography or
bibliographies. Used only if the bibliography is
substantial enough to be mentioned in the bibliographic
record. Note: Because bibliographies are
included as part of the definition of code n, code b is
not used when code n is present.
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008/24 |
# |
008/25-27 |
b## |
504 |
##$aIncludes bibliographies. |
c - Catalogs
List of items in a collection. Also includes lists of
collectible objects, such as stamps and coins, or trade
catalogs. For catalogs of books, sound recordings, or
motion pictures, code b (Bibliographies), code k
(Discographies), or code q (Filmographies), is given with
code c.
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008/24 |
# |
008/25-27 |
ci# |
245 |
00$aBook
auction records. |
650 |
#0$aBook
auctions$xCatalogs$vIndexes. |
d - Dictionaries
Also used for a glossary or a gazetteer.
Concordances are coded as Indexes (code i). Code h is
used for serial biographical dictionaries.
e - Encyclopedias
Encyclopedia or an encyclopedic treatment of a specific
topic.
f - Handbooks
g - Legal articles
Substantive articles on legal topics, such as those
published in law school reviews.
h - Biography
Significant part of the item contains biographical
material, whether autobiography, individual biography, or
collective biography. Genealogy is not coded as
biography.
i - Indexes
Index to bibliographical material other than itself
(e.g., an indexing journal).
Not used when a publication contains an index to its own
content.
k - Discographies
Significant part of the item is a discography or
discographies, or other bibliography of recorded sound.
Used only if the discography is substantial enough to be
mentioned in the bibliographic record. For discographies
that are also catalogs, both code k and code c (Catalogs)
are given.
l - Legislation
Includes of full or partial texts of enactments of
legislative bodies, published either in statute or in
code form, or texts of rules and regulations issued by
executive or administrative agencies.
m - Theses
Thesis, dissertation, or work identified as having been
created to satisfy the requirements for an academic
certification or degree.
n - Surveys of literature in a subject
area
Includes authored surveys that summarize what has been
published about a subject
Usually has a list of references either in the body of
the work or as a bibliography. Note: Because
bibliographies are included as part of the definition of
code n, code b (Bibliographies) should not be recorded
when code n is appropriate.
o - Reviews
Includes critical reviews of published or performed works
(e.g., books, films, sound recordings, theater, etc.).
p - Programmed texts
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008/24 |
# |
008/25-27 |
p## |
245 |
00$aClinical exercises in internal medicine. |
650 |
#2$aInternal medicine$xProgrammed texts. |
q - Filmographies
Significant part of the item is a filmography or other
bibliography of moving images. Used only if the
filmography is substantial enough to be mentioned in the
bibliographic record. For filmographies that are also
catalogs, both code q and code c (Catalogs) are given.
r - Directories
Includes a directory or register of persons or corporate
bodies. Serial biographical dictionaries are coded as
Biography (code h).
s - Statistics
Significant part of the item is a collection of
statistical data on a subject. Not used for works about
statistical methodology.
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008/24 |
# |
008/25-27 |
bs# |
245 |
00$aList of
statistical series collected by international
organizations. |
t - Technical reports
Includes technical report material that is the result of
scientific investigation or technical development,
testing, or evaluation, presented in a form suitable for
dissemination to the technical community.
u - Standards/specifications
Includes either an international, national, or industry
standard or a specification which gives a precise
statement of a process or service requirement.
v - Legal cases and case notes
Includes discussions, such as those in the case comments
section of law school reviews, of particular legal cases
that have been decided by, or that are pending before,
courts or administrative agencies.
w - Law reports and digests
Includes texts of decisions of courts or administrative
agencies. The code is also used when an item includes
texts of digests of such decisions.
y - Yearbooks
Reference publication issued on an annual or less
frequent basis that contains articles summarizing the
accomplishments or events of a particular year within a
specific discipline or area of endeavor. Annual reports,
which are administrative overviews of an organization,
are not coded here.
z - Treaties
Includes treaties or accords negotiated between two or
more parties to settle a disagreement, establish a
relationship, grant rights, etc.
5 - Calendars
Published systems of organizing days. These may be
academic calendars or almanacs, calendars published by
bodies, such as labor organizations, library
associations, etc.
6 - Comics/graphic novels
Instances of "sequential art" in which a story (whether
fact or fiction) is told primarily through a set of
images (often in the form of multiple "panels" per page)
presented concurrently but meant to be "read"
sequentially by the viewer. The accompanying narrative
and/or dialog text, when it occurs, works integrally with
the images to tell the story.
||| - No attempt to code
28 - Government publication (006/11)
One-character alphabetic code that indicates whether an
item is published or produced by or for an international,
national, provincial, state, or local government agency, or
by any subdivision of such a body, and, if so, the
jurisdictional level of the agency.
Government bodies and all their subdivisions are treated as
government bodies regardless of how they may be entered as
headings (i.e., entered under jurisdiction or not). In the
bibliographic record, the body does not have to be a main
or added entry, but it should be named as publisher, etc.
in the publication, distribution, etc. area, or have caused
the item to be published (usually inferred when the
governmental body is responsible for the content of the
work). When in doubt, treat the item as a government
publication.
Guidelines for certain types of
publications
- Socialist
countries- Since the coding of all items
published in socialist countries as government
publications would limit the usefulness of this element,
coding should be used only for the same type of bodies
that would be considered government in a non-socialist
country. In coding items in this manner, when in doubt,
treat the item as a government publication.
- Two levels- If an
item is published or produced jointly by government
agencies at two different levels, record the code for the
higher government level.
- Academic
publications- In the U.S., items published by
academic institutions are considered government
publications if the institutions are created or
controlled by a government.
- University presses-
In the U.S., items published by university presses are
considered government publications if the presses are
created or controlled by a government (e.g., state
university presses in the United States).
# - Not a government publication
Not published by or for a government body.
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008/28 |
# |
110 |
2#$aRand
McNally. |
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008/28 |
# |
245 |
02$aA
Guidebook of United States coins. |
a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous
component
Published or produced by or for a government body of an
autonomous or semi-autonomous component of a country.
c - Multilocal
Published or produced by or for a multilocal jurisdiction
which is defined as a regional combination of
jurisdictions below the state level.
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008/28 |
c |
110 |
2#$aRégion
parisienne (France) |
f - Federal/national
Published or produced by or for a federal or national
government body, e.g., a sovereign nation, such as
Canada. Used for the governments of England, Wales,
Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Code f is also used for
American Indian tribes.
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008/28 |
f |
110 |
1#$aItaly.$bMinistero degli affari esteri. |
i - International intergovernmental
Published or produced by or for an international
intergovernmental body.
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008/28 |
i |
110 |
2#$aWorld
Health Organization. |
l - Local
Published or produced by or for a local government
jurisdiction such as a county, city, town, etc.
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008/28 |
l |
110 |
1#$aNew
York (N.Y.) |
m - Multistate
Published or produced by or for a regional combination of
jurisdictions at the state, provincial, territorial, etc.
level.
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008/28 |
m |
110 |
2#$aLake
Erie Regional Transportation Authority. |
o - Government publication-level
undetermined
Published or produced by or for a government body but
that the jurisdictional level cannot be determined.
s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent,
etc.
Jurisdictional level of the government body is a state,
province, territory, etc.
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008/28 |
s |
110 |
1#$aWisconsin.$bCommissioners of Fisheries. |
u - Unknown if item is government
publication
Whether or not the item is published or produced by or
for a government agency is unknown.
z - Other
None of the other defined codes are appropriate.
| - No attempt to code
008/18 - Frequency
k - Continuously updated [NEW, 2001]
008/20 - ISSN center
Following codes were made obsolete in USMARC in 1989: 2
(United Kingdom), 3 (Australia), 5 (Moscow Regional
Centre), 6 (Federal Republic of Germany), 7 (France), 8
(Argentina), 9 (Japan), u (Unknown). These other codes were
made obsolete in CAN/MARC in 1990: a (Finland), b
(Yugoslavia), c (Tunisia), d (Italy), e (Nigeria), f
(Sweden), g (New Zealand), h (Denmark), i (Austria), j
(Netherlands), k (Brazil), l (Columbia), m (Uruguay), n
(Ireland), p (Thailand), q( Mexico), r (Norway), s
(Israel), t (Morocco). In 2002, code 2 (United Kingdom) was
reinstated.Following codes were made obsolete in 2003: #
(No ISSN center code assigned), 0 (International Center), 1
(United States),2 (United Kingdom), 4 (Canada), z (Other)
008/21 - Type of serial [REDEFINED, 2001]
Field was redefined as Type of continuing resource to
accommodate integrating resources.
d - Updating database [NEW, 2001]
l - Updating loose-leaf [NEW, 2001]
w - Updating Web site [NEW, 2001]
008/22 - Form of original item
g - Punched paper tape [OBSOLETE, 1987]
h - Magnetic tape [OBSOLETE, 1987]
i - Multimedia [OBSOLETE, 1987]
o - Online [NEW, 2010]
q - Direct electronic [NEW, 2010]
x - Other physical medium [OBSOLETE, 1977]
z - Other [OBSOLETE, 1987]
Prior to 1977, other physical media were identified by code
x; currently code # is used.
008/23 - Form of item
# - None of the following [OBSOLETE, 1987]
g - Punched paper tape [OBSOLETE, 1987]
h - Magnetic tape [OBSOLETE, 1987]
i - Multimedia [OBSOLETE, 1987]
o - Online [NEW, 2010]
q - Direct electronic [NEW, 2010]
z - Other [OBSOLETE, 1987]
Codes #, g, h, i, and z were made obsolete when the coding
of 008/23 (Form of reproduction code) was redefined as
information about the medium of the item in hand rather
than about bibliographic reproductions. Code # (Not a
reproduction) was redefined in 1987 when the focus of
008/23 was changed.
008/24 - Nature of entire work
n - Legal cases and case notes [OBSOLETE, 1979]
y - Yearbooks [OBSOLETE, 1988] [REDEFINED, 2008]
t - University calendars [REDEFINED, 1997]
u - Standards/specifications [NEW, 2002]
3 - Discographies [OBSOLETE, 1997]
4 - Filmographies [OBSOLETE, 1997]
5 - Calendars [NEW, 2008]
6 - Comics/graphic novels [NEW, 2008]
Prior to 1979, legal cases and case notes were identified
by code n; currently code v is used.
008/25-27 - Nature of contents
n - Legal cases and case notes [OBSOLETE, 1979]
y - Yearbooks [OBSOLETE, 1988] [REDEFINED, 2008]
t - University calendars [REDEFINED, 1997]
u - Standards/specifications [NEW, 2002]
3 - Discographies [OBSOLETE, 1997]
4 - Filmographies [OBSOLETE, 1997]
5 - Calendars [NEW, 2008]
6 - Comics/graphic novels [NEW, 2008]
Prior to 1979, legal cases and case notes were identified
by code n; currently code v is used.
008/28 - Government publication
n - Government publication-level undetermined
[OBSOLETE, 1979]
Prior to 1979, an undetermined level was identified by code
n; currently code o is used.
008/30 - Title page availability [OBSOLETE, 1990]
Defined codes were: # (No separate title page issued), a
(In last issue of the volume, loose), b (In last issue of
the volume, attached), c (In first issue of next volume,
loose), d (In first issue of next volume, attached), e
(Published separately, free upon request), f (Published
separately, free, automatically sent), g (Published
separately, purchase, request), u (Unknown), z (Other title
page availability).
008/31 - Index availability [OBSOLETE, 1990]
Defined codes were: # (No index published), a (Each issue
contains an index to its own contents (no volume index),
loose), b (In last issue of volume, loose, separately
paged), c (In last issue of volume, loose, unpaged), d (In
last issue of volume, attached), e (In first issue of next
volume, loose, separately paged), f (In first issue of next
volume, loose, unpaged), g (In first issue of next volume,
attached), h (Published separately, free, automatically
sent), i (Published separately, free, upon request), j
(Published separately, bound from publisher, free,
automatically sent), k (Published separately, bound from
publisher, free, upon request), l (Received separately,
bound from publisher), m (Supplement or subseries, indexed
in parent journal index), u (Unknown), z (Other index
availability).
008/32 - Cumulative index availability [OBSOLETE,
1990]
Defined codes were: 0 (No cumulative index available), 1
(Cumulative index available), u (Unknown).
008/34 - Title as it appears on the piece indicator
[REDEFINED, 1975]
008/34 - Successive/latest entry [RENAMED, 2001]
Prior to the definition of variable data field 222 (Key
title) in 1975, 008/34 was defined as Title as it appears
on the piece designator. The defined codes were: d
(Different), t (Same as field 245), and m (Same as 1XX plus
245 fields). 008/34 was renamed Entry convention in 2001 to
accommodate the integrating entry convention.
2 - Integrated entry [NEW, 2001]