856 - Electronic Location and Access (R)
MARC 21 Community Information - Full
October 2003
First Indicator
Access method
# - No information provided
0 - Email
1 - FTP
2 - Remote login (Telnet)
3 - Dial-up
4 - HTTP
7 - Method specified in subfield $2
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Second Indicator
Relationship
# - No information provided
0 - Resource
1 - Version of resource
2 - Related resource
8 - No display constant generated
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Subfield Codes
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$a - Host name (R)
$b - Access number (R)
$c - Compression information (R)
$d - Path (R)
$f - Electronic name (R)
$h - Processor of request (NR)
$i - Instruction (R)
$j - Bits per second (NR)
$k - Password (NR)
$l - Logon (NR)
$m - Contact for access assistance (R)
$n - Name of location of host (NR)
$o - Operating system (NR)
$p - Port (NR)
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$q - Electronic format type (NR)
$r - Settings (NR)
$s - File size (R)
$t - Terminal emulation (R)
$u - Uniform Resource Identifier (R)
$v - Hours access method available (R)
$w - Record control number (R)
$x - Nonpublic note (R)
$y - Link text (R)
$z - Public note (R)
$2 - Access method (NR)
$3 - Materials specified (NR)
$6 - Linkage (NR)
$8 - Field link and sequence number (R)
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FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE
Contains the information needed to locate and access electronic information pertaining
to a community service such as the service or event website or related resources.
Subfields $y (Link text) and $z (Public note) may be used to
specify the type of electronic information.
Field 856 is repeated when the location data elements vary (the URL in subfield
$u or subfields $a, $b, $d when used). It is
also repeated whenever the electronic filename varies (subfield $f), except
when a single intellectual item is divided into different parts for online storage or
retrieval.
See the Guidelines for the Use of Field
856 for a more thorough discussion on the use of field 856.
GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS
■ INDICATORS
First Indicator - Access method Value that defines the access method to the electronic resource. If the resource
is available by more than one access method, the field is repeated with data
appropriate to each method. The methods defined are the main TCP/IP (Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocols.
When recording a URL in subfield $u the value corresponds to the access
method (URL scheme), which is also the first element in the URL string.
# - No information provided
0 - Email Access to the electronic resource is through electronic mail (email).This access includes subscribing to an electronic journal or electronic forum
through software intended to be used by an email system.
1 - FTP Access to the electronic resource is through the File Transfer Protocol
(FTP).
2 - Remote login (Telnet) Access to the electronic resource is through remote login (Telnet).
3 - Dial-up Access to the electronic resource is through a conventional telephone line
(dial-up).Additional information in subfields of the record may enable the user to
connect to the resource.
4 - HTTP Access to the electronic resource is through the Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP).
7 - Method specified in subfield $2 Access to the electronic resource is through a method other than the defined
values and for which an identifying code is given in subfield $2
(Source of access).
Second Indicator - Relationship Value that identifies the relationship between the electronic resource at the
location identified in field 856 and the item described in the record as a whole.
Subfield $3 is used to provide further information about the
relationship if it is not a one-to-one relationship.
# - No information provided No information is provided about the relationship of the electronic resource to
the item described by the record.
0 - Resource Electronic location in field 856 is for the same resource described by the
record as a whole. In this case, the item represented by the record is an
electronic resource. If the data in field 856 relates to a constituent unit of
the resource represented by the record, subfield $3 is used to
specify the portion(s) to which the field applies.The display constant Electronic resource: may be generated.
1 - Version of resource Location in field 856 is for an electronic version of the resource described by
the record. In this case, the item represented by the record is not electronic
but an electronic version is available. If the data in field 856 relates to a
constituent unit of the resource represented by the record, subfield
$3 is used to specify the portion(s) to which the field applies.The display constant Electronic version: may be generated.
2 - Related resource Location in field 856 is for an electronic resource that is related to the item
described by the record. In this case, the item represented by the record is
not the electronic resource itself. Subfield $3 can be used to
further characterize the relationship between the electronic item identified in
field 856 and the item represented by the record as a whole. The display constant Related electronic resource: may be
generated.
8 - No display constant generated
■ SUBFIELD CODES
$a - Host name Fully qualified domain (host name) of the electronic location. It contains a
network address which is repeated if there is more than one address for the same
host.
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| 856 |
1#$aharvada.harvard.edu$aharvarda.bitnet
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$b - Access number Access number associated with a host. It can contain the Internet Protocol (IP)
numeric address if the item is an Internet resource, or a telephone number if
dial-up access is provided through a telephone line. This data may change
frequently and may be generated by the system, rather than statically stored.
Subfield $b may be repeated if all the other information in the field
applies.
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| 856 |
2#$aanthrax.micro.umn.edu$b128.101.95.23
[Host name and Internet Protocol numeric address] |
| 856 |
3#$b1-202-7072316$j2400/9600$nLibrary of Congress, Washington, DC$oUNIX$rE-7-1$tvt100$zRequires logon and password
[Dial-up numbers with related settings for terminal emulation] |
$c - Compression information Information about the compression of a file; in particular, whether a specific
program is required to decompress the file.
Subfield may be repeated if two compression programs are used, noting the latest
compression first.
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| 856 |
1#$amaine.maine.edu$cMust be decompressed with PKUNZIP$fresource.zip$s16874 bytes
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$d - Path Path, the series of logical directory and subdirectory names that
indicate where a file is stored. The filename itself is recorded in subfield
$f. This may be a surrogate path leading the user to the host where
complete and current access information is stored in a locator table.
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| 856 |
1#$awuarchive.wustl.edu$d/aii/admin/CAT.games$fmac-qubic.22.hqx
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$f - Electronic name Electronic name of a file as it exists in the directory/subdirectory indicated in
subfield $d on the host identified in subfield $a. Subfield
$f may be repeated if a single logical file has been divided into parts
and stored under different names. In this case, the separate parts should
constitute a single item. In all other cases, a file that may be retrieved under
different filenames contains multiple occurrences of field 856, each with its
corresponding electronic name in subfield $f. A filename may include
wildcard characters (e.g., * or ?) if applicable. Use subfield $z to
explain how files are named, if needed.
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| 856 |
1#$awuarchive.wustl.edu$dmirrors/info-mac/util$fcolor-system-icons.hqx
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| 856 |
0#$akentvm.bitnet$facadlist file1$facadlist file2$facadlist file3
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$h - Processor of request Username, or processor of the request; generally the data which precedes the
at sign (@) in the host address.
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0#$auicvm.bitnet$fAN2$hListserv
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$i - Instruction Instruction or command needed for the remote host to process a request.
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| 856 |
0#$auccvma.bitnet$fIR-L$hListserv$isubscribe
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$j - Bits per second Lowest and highest number of bits (binary units) of data that can be
transmitted per second when connected to a host. The syntax for recording the
number of bits per second (BPS) should be: <Lowest
BPS>-<Highest BPS>. If only lowest given: <Lowest
BPS>- ; If only highest given: -<Highest BPS>.
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| 856 |
0#$b1-202-7072316$j2400-9600$nLibrary of Congress, Washington, DC$oUNIX$rE-7-1
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$k - Password Password required to access the electronic resource. An FTP site may require the
user to enter an Internet Protocol address or may require a specific password.
Electronically accessed catalogs may also require a password. If a system that
requires a password will accept anything entered as valid, this subfield can be
omitted from field 856. This subfield is used to record general-use passwords, and
should not contain passwords requiring security. Textual instructions about
passwords are contained in subfield $z (Public note).
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| 856 |
1#$aharvarda.harvard.edu$kguest
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$l - Logon Characters needed to connect (i.e, logon, login, etc.) to an
electronic resource or FTP site. This subfield is used to record general-use logon
strings which do not require special security.
For many general-use File Transfer Protocol servers, access is gained by entering
the string “anonymous." An account number required for login may also be
indicated.
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| 856 |
1#$aunmvm.bitnet$lanonymous
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$m - Contact for access assistance Name of a contact for assistance in accessing a resource at the host specified in
subfield $a. For addresses relating to the content of the resource
itself (i.e. the item represented by the title recorded in field 245) rather than
access assistance, field 270 is used. If the address data is the same, use field
270.
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| 856 |
2#$agopac.berkeley.edu$mRoy Tennant
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$n - Name of location of host Conventional name of the location of the host in subfield $a, including
its physical (geographic) location.
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| 856 |
2#$apucc.princeton.edu$nPrinceton University, Princeton, N.J.
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$o - Operating system Operating system used by the host specified in subfield $a may be
indicated here, for informational purposes. Conventions for the path and filenames
may be dependent on the operating system of the host. For the operating system of
the resource itself (i.e., the item represented by the title recorded in field
245), rather than the operating system of the host making it available, field 753
(Technical Details Access to Computer Files), subfield $c (Operating
system) is used.
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| 856 |
1#$aseq1.loc.gov$d/pub/soviet.archive$fk1famine.bkg$nLibrary of Congress, Washington, D.C.$oUNIX
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$p - Port Portion of the address that identifies a process or service in the host.
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| 856 |
2#$amadlab.sprl.umich.edu$nUniversity of Michigan Weather Underground$p3000
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$q - Electronic format type Identification of the electronic format type, which is the data representation of
the resource, such as text/html, ASCII, Postscript file, executable application,
or JPEG image. Electronic format type may be taken from enumerated lists such as
registered Internet Media Types (MIME types).
The intent of specifying this element is to provide information necessary to allow
people or machines to make decisions about the usability of the encoded data (what
hardware and software might be required to display or execute it, for example).
The electronic format type also determines the file transfer mode, or how data are
transferred through a network. (Usually, a text file can be transferred as
character data which generally restricts the text to characters in the ASCII
(American National Standard Code for Information Interchange(ANSI
X3.4)) character set (i.e., the basic Latin alphabet, digits 0-9, a few special
characters, and most punctuation marks) and text files with characters outside of
the ASCII set, or non-textual data (e.g., computer programs, image data) must be
transferred using another binary mode.)
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| 856 |
1#$aarchive.cis.ohio-state.edu$dpub/comp.sources.Unix/volume 10$fcomobj.lisp.10.Z$qbinary
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$r - Settings Settings used for transferring data. Included in settings are: 1) Number Data Bits
(the number of bits per character); 2) Number Stop Bits (the number of bits to
signal the end of a byte); and 3) Parity (the parity checking technique used). The
syntax of these elements is:
<Parity>-<Number Data Bits>-<Number Stop
Bits>
If only the parity is given, the other elements of settings and their related
hyphens are omitted (i.e., <Parity>). If one of the other two
elements is given, the hyphen for the missing element is recorded in its proper
position (i.e., <Parity>--<Number Stop Bits> or
<Parity>-<Number Data Bits>- ). The values for parity
are: O (Odd), E (Even), N (None), S (Space), and M (Mark).
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| 856 |
3#$b1-202-7072316$j2400-9600$nLibrary of Congress, Washington, DC$oUNIX$rE-7-1$tvt100$zRequires logon and password
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$s - File size Size of the file as stored under the filename indicated in subfield $f.
It is generally expressed in terms of 8-bit bytes (octets). It may be repeated in
cases where the filename is repeated and directly follows the subfield
$f to which it applies. This information is not given for journals,
since field 856 relates to the entire title, not to particular issues.
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| 856 |
1#$awuarchive.wustl.edu$dmirrors/info-mac/util$fcolor-system-icons.hqx$s16874 bytes
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| 856 |
0#$akeptvm.bitnet$facadlist file1$s34,989 bytes$facadlist file2$s32,876 bytes$facadlist file3$s23987 bytes
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$t - Terminal emulation Indication of a terminal emulation supported. Terminal emulation is usually
specified for remote login (first indicator contains value 2 (Remote login
(Telnet))).
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| 856 |
2#$amaine.maine.edu$nUniversity of Maine$t3270
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$u - Uniform Resource Identifier Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), which provides electronic access data in a
standard syntax. Field 856 is structured to allow for the creation of a URL from
the concatenation of other separate field 856 subfields. Subfield $u
may be used instead of those separate subfields or in addition to them. Subfield
$u may be repeated only if both a URN and a URL or more than one URN
are recorded.
This data can be used for automated access to an electronic item using one of the
Internet protocols or by resolution of a URN. Field 856 is repeated if more than
one URL needs to be recorded.
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| 856 |
1#$uftp://path.net/pub/docs/urn2urc.ps
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| 856 |
7#$uhttp://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/semdigdocs/seminar.html$2http
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$v - Hours access method available Hours that access to an electronic resource is available at the location indicated
in this field. If the record is for a system or service, the hours of availability
are recorded in field 307 (Hours, etc.). This subfield is only used to record
hours of availability of the specific location indicated in field 856.
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| 856 |
2#$apac.carl.org$b192.54.81.128$mCARL Situation Room$mhelp@CARL.org$nCARLSystems Inc., Denver, CO$v24 hours
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3#$alocis.loc.gov$b140.147.254.3$mlconline@loc.gov$t3270$tline mode (e.g., vt100)$vM-F 6:00 a.m.-21:30 p.m. USA EST, Sat. 8:30-17:00 USA
EST, Sun. 13:00-17:00 USA EST
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$w - Record control number System control number of the related record preceded by the MARC code, enclosed in
parentheses, for the agency to which the control number applies. The data in the
subfield links field 856 to the MARC record having the same data in a control
number field. See Appendix G for a listing of organization code sources used in
MARC 21 records.
$x - Nonpublic note Note relating to the electronic location of the source identified in the field.
The note is written in a form that is not adequate or intended for public display.
It may also contain processing information about the file at the location
specified.
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| 856 |
1#$awuarchive.wustl.edu$cdecompress with PKUNZIP.exe$d/mirrors2/win3/games$fatmoids.zip$xcannot verify because of transfer
difficulty
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$y - Link text Link text which is used for display in place of the URL in subfield $u.
When subfield $y is present, applications should use the contents of
subfield $y as the link instead of the content of subfield
$u when linking to the destination in subfield $u. The use
of the link text is independent of any decision concerning the second indicator
value.
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| 856 |
4#$uhttp://susdl.fcla.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/~fdl/fdlcgi?FA00000011 %2Fjpg$yElectronic resource (JPEG)
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| 856 |
4#$uhttp://susdl.fcla.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/~fdl/fdlcgi?FA00000011%2Fpdf$yElectronic resource (PDF)
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$z - Public note Note relating to the electronic location of the source identified in the field.
The note is written in a form that is adequate or intended for public display.
$2 - Access method
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| 856 |
7#$3b&w film copy neg.$dLCPP003B$f3B44639$2file
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$3 - Materials specified Part of the item to which the field applies.
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| 856 |
42$3Finding aid$uhttp://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ead/jackson.sgm
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$8 - Field link and sequence number
INPUT CONVENTIONS
Display Constants - Introductory terms or phrases such as
Electronic resource:,
Electronic
version:, etc. are not carried in the MARC record. They may be system generated
as display constants associated with the second indicator value.
| Second indicator |
Display constant |
| # |
Electronic resource: |
| 0 |
Electronic resource: |
| 1 |
Electronic version: |
| 2 |
Related electronic resource: |
| 8 |
[no display constant generated] |
Spacing underscore and tilde in URLs - In February 1994, additional characters in the MARC character set were defined to both
accommodate existing bibliographic needs and to align it with the ASCII and ANSEL
character sets. Both the spacing underscore and the spacing tilde were added at the time
because of the need in directory and file names for electronic resources.
Many systems have implemented these characters, however, for systems that have not
implemented the spacing underscore and tilde, the following alternative characters may
be used:
| %5F for spacing underscore |
| %7E for spacing tilde |
Style for Recording Telephone Numbers - In subfield $b, periods, spaces, and parentheses used to divide the portions
of a number are replaced with hyphens. Numbers are recorded as follows:
| <country code>-<area/city
code>-<exchange/line number>
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Exchange/line number portion often includes internal separators which are replaced by
hyphens. If an extension is also given, it is appended to the telephone number preceded
by a space and "
x".
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| 856 |
3#$b1-202-7072316$j2400/9600$nLibrary of Congress, Washington, DC$oUNIX$rE-7-1$tvt100$zRequires logon and password
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CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY
$q - File transfer mode [REDEFINED, 1997]
Originally defined to contain an indication of whether the file was transferred as
binary or ASCII. Redefined to contain type of electronic format.
$g - Electronic name - End of range [REDEFINED, 1997]
$g - Uniform Resource Name [OBSOLETE, 2000]
Because subfield $g (Electronic name - End of range) was rarely if ever
used, it was redefined as Uniform Resource Name in 1997. It was subsequently made
obsolete in favor of recording the URN in subfield $u.
$u - Uniform Resource Identifier [RENAMED, 2000]
Prior to 1999, subfield $u was defined as Uniform Resource Locator and was
repeatable. It was changed to not repeatable because of ambiguity in determining when
the subfield could be repeatable. Subfield $u was changed back to
repeatable and renamed Uniform Resource Identifier in 2000 to record both URLs and
URNs after subfield $g was made obsolete.
$y - Link text [NEW, 2000]