The Library of Congress >> Especially for Librarians and Archivists >> Standards

HOME >> MARC Development >> Discussion Paper List

MARC DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 2015-DP02

DATE: June 4, 2015
REVISED:

NAME: Coding 007 Field Positions for Digital Sound Recordings in the MARC 21 Bibliographic Format

SOURCE: Canadian Committee on Metadata Exchange (CCM)

SUMMARY: This paper proposes defining new values for some 007 field positions in the MARC 21 Bibliographic Format to better accommodate digital sound recordings.

KEYWORDS:Field 007 (BD); Physical Description Fixed Field (BD); Digital Sound Recordings (BD); Sound Recordings (BD)

RELATED:

STATUS/COMMENTS:
06/04/15 – Made available to the MARC community for discussion.

06/27/15 – Results of MARC Advisory Committee discussion: The Committee agreed that this should return as a proposal and that several answers to the paper’s discussion questions be incorporated into the proposal: 1) The definition of value ‘s’ in 007/00 should be redefined to be more inclusive of both physical and digital media; CCM will consult with OLAC on a new definition for sound recording. 2) CCM will propose  the definition of value ‘r’ (Remote) in 007s/01; this aligns with an equivalent value in 007c/01. 3) CCM will propose the definition of value ‘n’ (Not applicable) and that the scope of 007s/03 (Speed) and 007s/10 (Kind of material) be amended to specify that it only relates to mechanical, hand-held devices. 4) CCM will consider the proposal of new values in 007c/01 to cover removable and stand-alone storage such as USB flash drives and Playaways. The British Library’s suggestion that the existing value ‘b’ (Chip cartridge) be expanded to encompass these devices was not accepted; PCC argued that the term ‘memory capacity’ which is used in the current definition of chip cartridge is not analogous to ‘storage capacity’. 5) It was agreed that a combination of 007/s and 007/c adequately cover born-digital sound recordings.

Discussion Paper No. 2015-DP02: Coding 007 Field Positions for Digital Sound Recordings

1. BACKGROUND

Library collections are expanding continuously with the addition of born-digital materials and the digitization of analog materials. Libraries may choose to describe digital materials in their catalogs, rather than, or perhaps in addition to, descriptions residing in their repositories.  These libraries may also decide whether to create separate bibliographic records for the digital manifestations and for the analog originals. Having separate records enables more precise filtering by type when the 007 content designation has been indexed.  Even so, some combinations of characteristics of digital resources cannot be expressed with the current array of 007 values. This may be due, in part, to an uneven mixture of content and carrier characteristics in the 007 configurations.

Some of the definitions of 007 configurations are clearly based on the physical carrier only and the positions reflect attributes of the carrier, while other 007 definitions reflect a blend of content and carrier characteristics.

For the purposes of this paper, the scope is limited to networked digital sound recordings, i.e., the bibliographic record is intended to reflect a born-digital sound recording available through a network. By imposing this limitation, it is hoped that the issue can be examined clearly, without the distraction of local practices.  Nevertheless, it is necessary to mention the original vs. reproduction practice because several character positions in 007 were specifically designed to address this.

Also, with the use of the specific material designation of “r” for networked electronic resources, it is desirable to add a second 007 to reflect some of the content characteristics available in the other configurations. There are also some technical characteristics not available in the 007 c configuration. This paper wishes to present the difficulties in representing a digital sound recording in the 007 fields.

2. DISCUSSION

2.1. Context

A bibliographic record for a networked digital sound recording would normally include a 007 c (Electronic resource) and a 007 s (Sound recording).  Even when both configurations are included on the same record, some character positions do not contain a logical option.

As a repeatable field, different 007 configurations can be employed to record in coded form the multiple characteristics recorded in variable-length fields in the body of the record (such as in a 300 field, a 34X field, or a 5XX field).

2.1.1. 007 c Electronic resource

The definition of 007/00 value c (“item involves a medium intended to be used or processed by a computer”) is based on the “physical” carrier and is not mutually exclusive with the definitions of some of the content-based 007 configurations, e.g., 007 a (Map), k (Nonprojected graphic), q (Notated music), s (Sound recording), and t (Text).  The definitions of five values for 007 position 00 are provided:

a - Map
Used for all cartographic materials except globes.

k - Nonprojected graphic
Item is nonprojected graphic material. This is defined generally, as a two-dimensional pictorial representation whether opaque (e.g., print, photoprint, drawing) or transparent, but not intended to be projected for viewing (e.g., a photographic negative).

q - Notated music
Item is notated music, which is defined as graphic, non-realized representations of musical works, both in printed and digitized manifestations. It includes musical scores and/or parts, diagrammatic representations, tablature, instructions for chance compositions, pictures or paintings intended as musical compositions, square note notation, klavirskribo, chant notation, neumes, braille, and other ways of representing the four components of musical sound: pitch, duration, timbre, and loudness. Notated music is often the means for communicating to the performer(s) how the musical work notated therein is to be realized in sound.

s - Sound recording
Item is a sound recording, defined as a disc, tape, film, cylinder, or wire on which sound vibrations have been registered so that the sound may be reproduced, or paper rolls on which the notes of a musical composition are represented by perforations in the paper and from which sound can be mechanically produced.

t - Text
Item is text, defined as printed or manuscript language material that is accessible to the naked eye (e.g., a book, a pamphlet, a broadside).

In contrast, the definitions of 007 d (Globe), f (Tactile material), h (Microform) are based on physical carrier or form and are clearly mutually exclusive with 007 c (Electronic resource).

d - Globe
Item is a globe which is defined as the model of a celestial body, usually the earth or the celestial sphere, depicted on the surface of a sphere.

f - Tactile material
Item is tactile material which is defined as material intended to be read or interpreted by touch.

h - Microform
Item is a microform. Microform is a generic term for any medium, transparent or opaque, bearing microimages. A microimage is a unit (e.g., a page) of textual, graphic, or computer-generated material that is contained on aperture cards, microfiche, microfilm, micro-opaques, or other microformats and that is too small to be read without magnification. Microforms may be reproductions of existing textual or graphic materials or they may be original publications.

2.1.2. 007 Position 01 Specific Material Designation

The 007 position 01 for some material types includes values that describe the analog original.  Not all of the arrays of position 01 values contain an appropriate value to reflect a remote or networked electronic resource, such as n (not applicable).

2.1.3. 007 s Sound Recordings

While 007 s has traditionally been scoped to include only recordings of physical sound vibrations, the utility of a field with that limitation diminishes as digital recordings predominate. It may be useful to consider broadening the scope to deliberately include digital sound recordings. It is recognized that some digital sound files have been generated entirely digitally, i.e., they are not recordings of sound, per se. The suggestion to expand the scope of 007 s addresses the question of including digital sound files, regardless of their method of generation, within the scope of this field (Section 5, Question 1). Some catalogers may have already been using 007 s to take advantage of the character positions that are suitable for digital sound files.

The 007 s configuration includes some technical characteristics that can apply to digital sound recordings. For sound recordings, 007 position 04 (Configuration of playback channels) indicates whether the playback is monaural or stereophonic, position 13 (Capture and storage technique) specifies how the original sound capture was done, and position 12 (Special playback characteristics) indicates the playback equipment needed for the current manifestation.

For born-digital manifestations of digital sound recordings, position 12 will always be coded e (Digital recording), however, positions 04 and 13 will reflect the technology used to make the initial recording, thus effectively differentiating the digital reproduction of a historical monaural, acoustic sound recording originally recorded on a 78 rpm, from a modern stereophonic digital sound recording. For this reason, in creating records for digital reproductions, it could be desirable to code both a 007 field with value c (Electronic resource) in position 00, as well as a 007 s field which represents the characteristics of the actual content of the resource. However, some of the remaining 007 positions cannot be coded appropriately.

This discussion paper will present issues specific to encoding digital sound recordings in 007 s as an example of changes that may be advisable to support more explicit coding of digitized reproductions of certain types of non-textual material in the MARC 21 Bibliographic format.

2.2. Limited definition of value s in 007/00 Category of material

While the focus of the definition is on the content type sound recording, the detailed list of sound recording formats precludes the coding of electronic resource sound recordings (whether born digital or digitized from existing recordings) in this field. A broadening of the definition is proposed in the following text (< > in italics indicates addition).

s - Sound recording
Item is a sound recording, defined as a <recording> disc, tape, film, cylinder, or wire on which sound vibrations have been registered so that the sound may be reproduced, or paper rolls on which the notes of a musical composition are represented by perforations in the paper and from which sound can be mechanically produced.

2.3. Lack of specific code for digital sound recordings in 007s/01 Specific material designation

Presently digital sound recordings are coded z (Other) with consequent loss of precision. This value is becoming very frequent for current materials. Adding a new code (v) for digital sound recording would enable precise encoding (< > in italics indicates addition).

007s
01 - Specific material designation
             d - Sound disc
             e - Cylinder
             g - Sound cartridge
             i - Sound-track film
             q - Roll
             s - Sound cassette
             t - Sound-tape reel
             u - Unspecified
             <v - Digital sound recording>
             w - Wire recording
             z - Other
             | - No attempt to code

2.4 Lack of code for Not applicable in 007s/03 Speed

None of the existing values defined in 007s/03 Speed are applicable to digital sound recordings. It is preferable to code a value of Not applicable when a position is known to be logically not applicable to a resource than to code u-Unknown or |-No attempt to code, which give less information (< > in italics indicates addition).

007s
03 - Speed
             a - 16 rpm (discs)
             b - 33 1/3 rpm (discs)
             c - 45 rpm (discs)
             d - 78 rpm (discs)
             e - 8 rpm (discs)
             f - 1.4 m. per second (discs)
             h - 120 rpm (cylinders)
             i - 160 rpm (cylinders)
             k - 15/16 ips (tapes)
             l - 1 7/8 ips (tapes)
             m - 3 3/4 ips (tapes)
             <n - Not applicable>
             o - 7 1/2 ips (tapes)
             p - 15 ips (tapes)
             r - 30 ips (tape)
             u - Unknown
             z - Other
             | - No attempt to code

2.5. Lack of code for Not applicable in 007s/10 Kind of material

Generally the cataloger is in no position to determine the physical medium or the Kind of material used to store remote digital recordings. However, logically even disks have a medium. It may be satisfactory to code this position u (Unknown), or else it may be preferable to define a value for Not applicable in this position (< > in italics indicates addition).

007s
10 - Kind of material
             a - Lacquer coating
             b - Cellulose nitrate
             c - Acetate tape with ferrous oxide
             g - Glass with lacquer
             i - Aluminum with lacquer
             l - Metal
             m - Plastic with metal
             <n - Not applicable>
             p - Plastic
             r - Paper with lacquer or ferrous oxide
             s - Shellac
             w - Wax
             u - Unknown
             z - Other
             | - No attempt to code

3. EXAMPLES

3.1. Digital sound recording available online of a stereophonic recording originally recorded digitally

Naxos Music Library streaming audio for J.S. Bach’s Klaviertranskriptionen.
OCLC record # 73948329, slightly abridged.

(< > in italics in the 007 details indicates use of proposed new values)

007 Electronic Resource

007 Sound Recording

LDR  03416cjm a2200685Ki 4500
001  ocn873948329
003  OCoLC
006  m#####o##h########
007  sz#zunnnnnuneu                     (original 007 coding on WorldCat)
007  cr#nnannnuuuuu                     (original 007 coding on WorldCat, extended 007 c is optional)
008  140319r20142005cc#munn#o#########n#zxx#d
040  ## $a NAXOS $b eng $e rda $c NAXOS $d OCLCA $d OCLCF $d NAXOS
028  02 $a 8.551227 $b Naxos
035  ## $a (OCoLC)873948329
045  1# $b d1731 $b d1734 $b d1723 $b d1708 $b d1712
047  ## $a ov $a sn $a ch $a tc $a fg $a ct $a or
050  #4 $a M32.8
082  04 $a 786.2 $2 23
100  1# $a Bach, Johann Sebastian, $d 1685-1750, $e composer.
240  10 $a Keyboard music. $k Selections; $o arranged
245  10 $a Klaviertranskriptionen / $c J.S. Bach.
264  #1 $a Hong Kong $b Naxos, $c [2014]
300  ## $a 1 online resource (1 sound file)
336  ## $a performed music $b prm $2 rdacontent
337  ## $a computer $b c $2 rdamedia
338  ## $a online resource $b cr $2 rdacarrier
511  0# $a Variously, Risto Lauriala, Idil Biret, Eteri Andjaparidze, pianos.
500  ## $a Originally published in 2005.
505  00 $t Wir danken dir, Gott, wir danken dir, BWV 29: Sinfonia / $r arranged by Camille Saint-Saëns $g (4:10) -- $t 18 chorales, BWV 651-668, "Leipziger Chorale." Nun komm der Heiden Heiland, BWV 659 $g (4:47) ; $t Flute sonata in E flat major, BWV 1031. Siciliano $g (2:46) ; $t Es ist gewisslich an der Zeit, BWV 307/Nun freut euch, BWV 734 $g (2:56) ; $t Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147. Jesus bleibet meine Freude $g (3;03) ; $t Wachet auf! ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 645 $g (4:25) / $r arranged by Wilhelm Kempff -- $t Toccata and fugue in D minor, BWV 565 / $r arranged by Max Reger $g (9:47) -- $t Herzlich tut mich verlangen, BWV 727 $g (2:31) ; $t In dulci jubilo, BWV 751 $g (1:40) ; $t Wir danken dir, Gott, wir danken dir, BWV 29. Sinfonia $g (4:15) ; $t Concerto in F minor, BWV 1056. Largo $g (3:40) / $r arranged by Wilhelm Kempff -- $t Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147. Jesus bleibet meine Freude / $r arranged by Myra Hess $g (3:20) -- $t Ich ruf' zu dir, Herr Jesus Christus, BWV 639 / $r arranged by Wilhelm Kempff $g (2:42) -- $t Christmas oratorio, BWV 248. Sinfonia / $r arranged by Clarence Lucas $g (5:49) -- $t Passacaglia and fugue in C minor, BWV 582. Passacaglia / $r arranged by Eugen d'Albert $g (14:01).
650  #0 $a Piano music, Arranged.
655  #0 $a Streaming audio.
700  1# $a Lauriala, Risto, $e performer.
700  1# $a Biret, Idil, $e performer.
700  1# $a Andjaparidze, Eteri, $e performer.
700  1# $a Saint-Saëns, Camille, $d 1835-1921, $e arranger of music.
700  1# $a Kempff, Wilhelm, $d 1895-1991, $e arranger of music.
700  1# $a Reger, Max, $d 1873-1916, $e arranger of music.
700  1# $a Hess, Myra, $c Dame, $d 1890-1965, $e arranger of music.
700  1# $a Lucas, Clarence, $d 1866-1947, $e arranger of music.
700  1# $a Albert, Eugen d', $d 1864-1932, $e arranger of music.
856  40 $3 Naxos $u http://www.naxosmusiclibrary.com

3.2. Digital reproduction available online of a monaural sound recording originally made with acoustic capture technology

(< > in italics indicates potential changes)

007 Electronic Resource

007 Sound Recording

4. BIBFRAME DISCUSSION

BIBFRAME does not currently cover details of carrier characteristics.   Consideration needs to be given about the amount of technical information needed for the purpose of using the resource as opposed to preserving it.  Elements from standards developed for preservation of sound recordings might be included in a bibliographic description to support access with links to more detailed technical information needed for preservation.

5. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

5.1. Should the definition of value s in 007/00 be redefined to be more inclusive of both physical and digital media?

5.2. Should a specific value (v) for Digital sound recording be added to 007/01 Specific material designation to support precise coding?

5.3. Should value n for Not applicable be added to 007s/03 Speed to support precise coding?

5.4. Should code n for Not applicable be added to 007s/10 Kind of material to support precise coding? Or is it sufficient to use the existing code u (Unknown)?

5.5. Are there other 007 positions that require redefinition and/or new values in the same vein as what has been discussed for s Sound recording? If so, which ones?

5.6. Does a combination of 007/s and 007/c adequately cover born-digital sound recordings or is additional information needed?     

HOME >> MARC Development >> Discussion Paper List