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MARC PROPOSAL NO. 2016-01

DATE: December 9, 2015
REVISED:

NAME: Coding 007 Field Positions for Digital Reproductions of Sound Recordings in the MARC 21 Bibliographic Format

SOURCE: Canadian Committee on Metadata Exchange (CCM)

SUMMARY: This paper proposes defining new values for some 007 field positions in the MARC 21 Bibliographic Format to better accommodate digital reproductions of sound recordings. Changes to 007c/01 to better accommodate certain types of commonly used storage devices are also included.

KEYWORDS: Field 007 (BD); Physical Description Fixed Field (BD); Digital Sound Recordings (BD); Sound Recordings (BD)

RELATED: 2015-DP02

STATUS/COMMENTS:
12/09/15 – Made available to the MARC community for discussion.

01/10/16 – Results of MARC Advisory Committee discussion: Approved, with the following amendments:

1. Change the proposed re-definition of sound recording (value s in 007s/00) to read: "A storage medium containing recorded sound or a representation of a musical composition from which sound can be mechanically reproduced, such as a piano roll."
2. Add the word "remote" to the proposed definition for new value n (Not applicable) in 007s/03 (Speed) and 007s/10 (Kind of material), as in: "Speed/Kind of material is not applicable to remote digital sound recordings because it pertains to calculations specific to physical aspects of carriers."

While the redefinition of chip cartridge was accepted as proposed, the label will remain unchanged.

03/03/16 - Results of MARC Steering Group review - Agreed with the MAC decision.

Proposal No. 2016-01: Coding 007 Field Positions for Digital Reproductions of Sound Recordings

1. BACKGROUND

As explained in the discussion paper (2015-DP02) presented by the Canadian Committee on Metadata Exchange to the MARC Advisory Committee in June 2015, on which this proposal is based, libraries may choose to describe manifestations reproduced in digital form separately from manifestations in the original format. Having separate records enables more precise filtering by type when the 007 content designation has been indexed. However, current 007 values have limitations preventing accurate description of some combinations of characteristics of digital recordings. This may be due, in part, to an uneven mixture of content and carrier characteristics in the 007 configurations.

Further, some of the definitions of 007 configurations are clearly based only on the physical carrier and the positions reflect attributes of the carrier, while other 007 definitions reflect a blend of content and carrier characteristics.

This proposal seeks to address these issues by refining select definitions of 007 configurations and proposing new values to better meet the particularities of digital manifestations, specifically digital sound recordings made available through a network.

In analyzing the gaps for digital sound recordings, gaps in existing codes defined for Specific material designations of electronic resources were also uncovered. In particular, there is no current code explicitly defined for standalone storage devices, and existing coding for removable solid-state storage devices is potentially ambiguously defined. These issues are also addressed in this proposal.

2. DISCUSSION

2.1. Context

A bibliographic record for a networked digital sound recording would normally include a 007 c (Electronic resource) and a 007 s (Sound recording). Even when both configurations are included on the same record, some character positions do not contain a logical option.

As a repeatable field, different 007 configurations can be employed to record in coded form the multiple characteristics recorded in variable-length fields in the body of the record (such as in a 300 field, a 34X field, or a 5XX field).

2.1.1. 007 c Electronic resource

The definition of 007/00 value c (“item involves a medium intended to be used or processed by a computer”) is based on the “physical” carrier and is not mutually exclusive with the definitions of some of the content-based 007 configurations, e.g., 007 a (Map), k (Nonprojected graphic), q (Notated music), s (Sound recording), and t (Text).

In contrast, the definitions of 007 d (Globe), f (Tactile material), h (Microform) are based on physical carrier or form and are clearly mutually exclusive with 007 c (Electronic resource).

2.1.2. 007 Position 01 Specific material designation

The 007 position 01 for some material types includes values that describe the analog original. Not all of the arrays of position 01 values contain an appropriate value to reflect a remote or networked electronic resource.

2.1.3. 007 s Sound recordings

While 007 s has traditionally been scoped to include only sound recordings rendered on mechanical devices, the utility of a field with that limitation diminishes as remote digital recordings predominate. Broadening the scope would permit application to remotely stored digital sound recordings. The suggestion to expand the scope of 007 s addresses the question of including remotely stored digital sound files, regardless of their method of generation, within the scope of this field.

The 007 s configuration includes some technical characteristics that can apply to digital sound recordings. For sound recordings, 007 position 04 (Configuration of playback channels) indicates whether the playback is monaural or stereophonic, position 13 (Capture and storage technique) specifies how the original sound capture was done, and position 12 (Special playback characteristics) indicates the playback equipment needed for the current manifestation.

For born-digital manifestations of digital sound recordings, position 12 will always be coded e (Digital recording), however, positions 04 and 13 will reflect the technology used to make the initial recording, thus effectively differentiating the digital reproduction of a historical monaural, acoustic sound recording originally recorded on a 78 rpm, from a modern stereophonic digital sound recording. For this reason, in creating records for digital reproductions, it could be desirable to code both a 007 field with value c (Electronic resource) in position 00, as well as a 007 s field which represents the characteristics of the actual content of the resource.

2.2. Redefining value s in 007/00 Category of material

Broadening the current definition of sound recording will permit inclusion of digital sound recordings (whether born digital or digitized from existing recordings (< > in italics indicates addition)):

s - Sound recording
Item is a sound recording, defined as a disc, tape, film, cylinder, or wire <recording> on which sound vibrations <from digital or analog sources> have been registered so that the sound may be reproduced, or paper rolls on which the notes of a musical composition are represented by perforations in the paper and from which sound can be mechanically produced.

Slight variations in the phrasing of the above definition were noted between pages for 007 – Physical Description – Fixed Field – General Information (http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bd007.html) and 007 Sound Recording (http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bd007s.html). Both versions of the definition should be revised concurrently.

2.3. Lack of specific code for digital sound recordings in 007s/01 Specific material designation

Presently digital sound recordings are coded z (Other) with consequent loss of precision. This value is becoming very frequent for current materials. Adding new code r for Remote would provide a means to precisely encode digital sound recordings accessed, processed, or executed remotely. This is consistent with the use of r in 007c/01 (< > in italics indicates addition):

007s
01 - Specific material designation
d - Sound disc
e - Cylinder
g - Sound cartridge
i - Sound-track film
q - Roll
<r - Remote>
s - Sound cassette
t - Sound-tape reel
u - Unspecified
w - Wire recording
z - Other
| - No attempt to code

The proposed definition for this new value is as follows:

r - Remote
Digital sound recording that is accessed, processed, executed, etc. remotely. In this case, the digital sound recording is used via input/output devices connected electronically to a computer. Frequently this involves connection through a computer network.

2.4. Scope of definition for 007s/03 Speed

Clarifying coding for non-digital resources also helps clarify coding for digital resources by serving to further distinguish between the two. As currently worded, it is not clear that 007s/03 Speed is only intended to relate to playing speed of a sound recording rendered on a mechanical device. The proposed redefinition is as follows (< > in italics indicates addition):

03 - Speed
Playback speed of the sound recording. <This code is only intended to relate to the playing speed of a sound recording rendered on a mechanical device.>

Speed is associated with the kind of item with which it is associated; either disc (007/01 is code d), cylinder (007/01 is code e), or tape (007/01 is code g, s, or t.)

Codes a, b, c, d, e indicate that the rotational speed of a sound disc is equal to the value of revolutions per minute (RPM) represented by the specific code. Certain speeds are usually associated with the diameter of the disc (e.g., 10 in. discs are played back at 78 rpm, 7 in. discs are played back at 45 rpm, 12 in. discs are played back at 33 1/3 rpm). Playback speed is not absolutely associated with any one disc size.

2.5. Lack of code for Not applicable in 007s/03 Speed

None of the existing values defined in 007s/03 Speed are applicable to digital sound recordings. It is preferable to code a value of Not applicable when a position is known to be logically not applicable to a resource than to code u (Unknown) or | (No attempt to code), which give less information (< > in italics indicates addition):

007s
03 - Speed
a - 16 rpm (discs)
b - 33 1/3 rpm (discs)
c - 45 rpm (discs)
d - 78 rpm (discs)
e - 8 rpm (discs)
f - 1.4 m. per second (discs)
h - 120 rpm (cylinders)
i - 160 rpm (cylinders)
k - 15/16 ips (tapes)
l - 1 7/8 ips (tapes)
m - 3 3/4 ips (tapes)
<n - Not applicable>
o - 7 1/2 ips (tapes)
p - 15 ips (tapes)
r - 30 ips (tape)
u - Unknown
z - Other
| - No attempt to code

The proposed definition for this new value is as follows:

n – Not applicable
Speed is not applicable to digital sound recordings because it pertains to calculations specific to physical aspects of carriers.

2.6. Scope of definition for 007s/10 Kind of material

Similar to the situation with 007s/03 Speed, as currently worded it is not clear that 007s/10 Kind of material is only intended to relate to a sound recording rendered on a mechanical device. The proposed redefinition is as follows (< > in italics indicates addition):

10 - Kind of material
Kind of material used in the manufacture of sound recordings (both instantaneous and mass-produced). <This code is only intended to relate to a sound recording rendered on a mechanical device.>

2.7. Lack of code for Not applicable in 007s/10 Kind of material

Generally the cataloger is in no position to determine the physical medium or the Kind of material used to store remote digital recordings. However, logically even disks have a medium. It seems nonetheless preferable to define a value for Not applicable in this position than to code this position u (Unknown) (< > in italics indicates addition):

007s
10 - Kind of material
a - Lacquer coating
b - Cellulose nitrate
c - Acetate tape with ferrous oxide
g - Glass with lacquer
i - Aluminum with lacquer
l - Metal
m - Plastic with metal
<n - Not applicable>
p - Plastic
r - Paper with lacquer or ferrous oxide
s - Shellac
w - Wax
u - Unknown
z - Other
| - No attempt to code

The proposed definition for this new value is as follows:

n – Not applicable
Kind of material is not applicable to digital sound recordings because it pertains to characteristics specific to physical aspects of carriers.

2.8. New value in 007c/01 for standalone storage devices

For electronic resources, there is currently no Specific material designation code for standalone storage devices (e.g. Playaways, etc.). Adding value s will enable accurate coding of these devices (< > in italics indicates addition):

007c
01 - Specific material designation
a - Tape cartridge
b - Chip cartridge
c - Computer optical disc cartridge
d - Computer disc, type unspecified
e - Computer disc cartridge, type unspecified
f - Tape cassette
h - Tape reel
j - Magnetic disk
k - Computer card
m - Magneto-optical disc
o - Optical disc
r – Remote
<s – Standalone device>
u - Unspecified
z - Other
| - No attempt to code

The proposed definition for this new value is as follows:

s – Standalone device
Standalone devices consist of storage and reader components as an integrated standalone device. The data storage medium cannot be removed from the playback device with which it is issued. The data carried on the medium can only be read using the integrated special-purpose device.

2.9. Ambiguity in definition of current 007c/01 value b (Chip cartridge)

For electronic resources, value b is currently defined as follows:

b - Chip cartridge
Removable module containing a miniaturized electronic circuit, mass-produced on a tiny chip or wafer of silicon, designed to provide additional processing or memory capacity to a computer.

The argument was made at the June 2015 MAC meeting that memory and storage are not analogous concepts, preventing application of this value to devices such as USB keys (e.g. flash drives). However, memory and storage may not be completely mutually exclusive concepts, although general usage often distinguishes between the two. Memory typically may refer to volatile, non-permanent storage (e.g. RAM), while storage typically may refer to persistent, non-volatile storage (e.g. hard disks).

The current goal is to identify proper coding for USB storage devices, which are commonly-used removable, solid-state, flash memory storage devices. While existing code b may arguably already be applicable to USB storage devices, the current wording of the definition for this value may be ambiguous for some who perceive storage and memory to be distinct.

Further, when considering what code b may have originally been intended for, ROM-chip cartridges (e.g. Nintendo gaming cartridges) come to mind, since they fit the definition as removable storage/memory modules.

When comparing features of ROM-chip cartridges and flash drives such as USB keys, many features are shared in common: being removable, solid-state memory/storage devices with built-in connector components (i.e. pins). From this point of view, the sole distinction is that ROM-chip cartridges are not rewritable, whereas USB flash drives are. Using a particular protocol (USB) is perhaps not a sufficient distinguishing characteristic, either, for warranting a separate code.

There will continue to be new types of removable storage/memory devices developed and put into use over time, and it may not be practical or feasible to separately encode for each type.

Thus it is proposed to modify the definition of b Chip cartridge so that it is clearer that it is intended to apply to many types of memory/storage devices that share the features just described (< > in italics indicates addition):

b - Chip cartridge
Removable module containing a miniaturized electronic circuit, mass-produced on a tiny chip or wafer of silicon, designed to provide additional processing or memory <processing, memory or storage> capacity to a computer. <Includes several types of solid-state, memory/storage devices such as non-rewritable ROM-chip cartridges and rewritable flash drives (e.g. USB keys).>

Amending the definition of this value is proposed as preferable to creating a separate value for USB storage devices given their similarity in features, from an abstract point of view.

Lastly, since the term ‘chip cartridge’ may not intuitively lead one to think of USB keys, it may be advisable to consider adopting a more generic, enduring term to represent this category of removable memory/storage devices.

3. EXAMPLES

3.1. Digital sound recording available online of a stereophonic recording originally recorded digitally

Naxos Music Library streaming audio for J.S. Bach’s Klaviertranskriptionen.
OCLC record # 73948329, slightly abridged.

(< > in italics in the 007 details indicates use of proposed new values)

007 Electronic Resource

007 Sound Recording

CURRENT:

LDR 03416cjm a2200685Ki 4500
001 ocn873948329
003 OCoLC
006 m#####o##h########
007 sz#zunnnnnuneu (original 007 coding on WorldCat)
007 cr#nnannnuuuuu (original 007 coding on WorldCat, extended 007 c is optional)
008 140319r20142005cc#munn#o#########n#zxx#d
040 ## $a NAXOS $b eng $e rda $c NAXOS $d OCLCA $d OCLCF $d NAXOS
028 02 $a 8.551227 $b Naxos
035 ## $a (OCoLC)873948329
045 1# $b d1731 $b d1734 $b d1723 $b d1708 $b d1712
047 ## $a ov $a sn $a ch $a tc $a fg $a ct $a or
050 #4 $a M32.8
082 04 $a 786.2 $2 23
100 1# $a Bach, Johann Sebastian, $d 1685-1750, $e composer.
240 10 $a Keyboard music. $k Selections; $o arranged
245 10 $a Klaviertranskriptionen / $c J.S. Bach.
264 #1 $a Hong Kong $b Naxos, $c [2014]
300 ## $a 1 online resource (1 sound file)
336 ## $a performed music $b prm $2 rdacontent
337 ## $a computer $b c $2 rdamedia
338 ## $a online resource $b cr $2 rdacarrier
511 0# $a Variously, Risto Lauriala, Idil Biret, Eteri Andjaparidze, pianos.
500 ## $a Originally published in 2005.
505 00 $t Wir danken dir, Gott, wir danken dir, BWV 29: Sinfonia / $r arranged by Camille Saint-Saëns $g (4:10) -- $t 18 chorales, BWV 651-668, "Leipziger Chorale." Nun komm der Heiden Heiland, BWV 659 $g (4:47) ; $t Flute sonata in E flat major, BWV 1031. Siciliano $g (2:46) ; $t Es ist gewisslich an der Zeit, BWV 307/Nun freut euch, BWV 734 $g (2:56) ; $t Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147. Jesus bleibet meine Freude $g (3;03) ; $t Wachet auf! ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 645 $g (4:25) / $r arranged by Wilhelm Kempff -- $t Toccata and fugue in D minor, BWV 565 / $r arranged by Max Reger $g (9:47) -- $t Herzlich tut mich verlangen, BWV 727 $g (2:31) ; $t In dulci jubilo, BWV 751 $g (1:40) ; $t Wir danken dir, Gott, wir danken dir, BWV 29. Sinfonia $g (4:15) ; $t Concerto in F minor, BWV 1056. Largo $g (3:40) / $r arranged by Wilhelm Kempff -- $t Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147. Jesus bleibet meine Freude / $r arranged by Myra Hess $g (3:20) -- $t Ich ruf' zu dir, Herr Jesus Christus, BWV 639 / $r arranged by Wilhelm Kempff $g (2:42) -- $t Christmas oratorio, BWV 248. Sinfonia / $r arranged by Clarence Lucas $g (5:49) -- $t Passacaglia and fugue in C minor, BWV 582. Passacaglia / $r arranged by Eugen d'Albert $g (14:01).
650 #0 $a Piano music, Arranged.
655 #0 $a Streaming audio.
700 1# $a Lauriala, Risto, $e performer.
700 1# $a Biret, Idil, $e performer.
700 1# $a Andjaparidze, Eteri, $e performer.
700 1# $a Saint-Saëns, Camille, $d 1835-1921, $e arranger of music.
700 1# $a Kempff, Wilhelm, $d 1895-1991, $e arranger of music.
700 1# $a Reger, Max, $d 1873-1916, $e arranger of music.
700 1# $a Hess, Myra, $c Dame, $d 1890-1965, $e arranger of music.
700 1# $a Lucas, Clarence, $d 1866-1947, $e arranger of music.
700 1# $a Albert, Eugen d', $d 1864-1932, $e arranger of music.
856 40 $3 Naxos $u http://www.naxosmusiclibrary.com

PROPOSED 007 CODING FOR ABOVE EXAMPLE:

007 sr#zunnnnnuneu
007 cr#nnannnuuuuu

3.2. Digital reproduction available online of a monaural sound recording originally made with acoustic capture technology

(< > in italics indicates potential changes)

007 Electronic Resource

007 Sound Recording

4. BIBFRAME DISCUSSION

Bringing more clarity to the characteristics of manifestations in different carriers will be helpful in transforming MARC data to BIBFRAME data in the future.

5. PROPOSED CHANGES

5.1. Broaden the current definition of sound recording (value s in 007/00) to permit inclusion of digital sound recordings (whether born digital or digitized from existing recordings (< > in italics indicates addition):

s - Sound recording
Item is a sound recording, defined as a disc, tape, film, cylinder, or wire <recording> on which sound vibrations <from digital or analog sources> have been registered so that the sound may be reproduced, or paper rolls on which the notes of a musical composition are represented by perforations in the paper and from which sound can be mechanically produced.

Similarly modify the variant definition of sound recording found on the 007 Sound Recording page (http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bd007s.html).

5.2. Add code r for Remote to 007s/01 Specific material designation to permit precise encoding of digital sound recordings accessed, processed, and executed remotely. This is consistent with the use of r in 007c/01 (< > in italics indicates addition):

007s
01 - Specific material designation
d - Sound disc
e - Cylinder
g - Sound cartridge
i - Sound-track film
q - Roll
<r - Remote>
s - Sound cassette
t - Sound-tape reel
u - Unspecified
w - Wire recording
z - Other
| - No attempt to code

The proposed definition for this new value is as follows:

r - Remote
Digital sound recording that is accessed, processed, executed, etc. remotely. In this case, the digital sound recording is used via input/output devices connected electronically to a computer. Frequently this involves connection through a computer network.

5.3. Clarify that 007s/03 Speed is only intended to relate to playing speed of a sound recording rendered on a mechanical device by modifying the definition as follows (< > in italics indicates addition):

03 - Speed
Playback speed of the sound recording. <This code is only intended to relate to playing speed of a sound recording rendered on a mechanical device.>

Speed is associated with the kind of item with which it is associated; either disc (007/01 is code d), cylinder (007/01 is code e), or tape (007/01 is code g, s, or t.)

Codes a, b, c, d, e indicate that the rotational speed of a sound disc is equal to the value of revolutions per minute (RPM) represented by the specific code. Certain speeds are usually associated with the diameter of the disc (e.g., 10 in. discs are played back at 78 rpm, 7 in. discs are played back at 45 rpm, 12 in. discs are played back at 33 1/3 rpm). Playback speed is not absolutely associated with any one disc size.

5.4. Since speed is not applicable to digital sound recordings, add code n for Not applicable (< > in italics indicates addition):

007s
03 - Speed
a - 16 rpm (discs)
b - 33 1/3 rpm (discs)
c - 45 rpm (discs)
d - 78 rpm (discs)
e - 8 rpm (discs)
f - 1.4 m. per second (discs)
h - 120 rpm (cylinders)
i - 160 rpm (cylinders)
k - 15/16 ips (tapes)
l - 1 7/8 ips (tapes)
m - 3 3/4 ips (tapes)
<n - Not applicable>
o - 7 1/2 ips (tapes)
p - 15 ips (tapes)
r - 30 ips (tape)
u - Unknown
z - Other
| - No attempt to code

The proposed definition for this new value is as follows:

n – Not applicable
Speed is not applicable to digital sound recordings because it pertains to calculations specific to physical aspects of carriers.

5.5. Clarify that 007s/10 is only intended to relate to relate to sound recordings rendered on mechanical devices by modifying the definition as follows (< > in italics indicates addition):

10 - Kind of material
Kind of material used in the manufacture of sound recordings (both instantaneous and mass-produced). <This code is only intended to relate to a sound recording rendered on a mechanical device.>

5.6. Since Kind of material is not applicable to digital sound recordings, add code n for Not applicable (< > in italics indicates addition):

007s
10 - Kind of material
a - Lacquer coating
b - Cellulose nitrate
c - Acetate tape with ferrous oxide
g - Glass with lacquer
i - Aluminum with lacquer
l - Metal
m - Plastic with metal
<n - Not applicable>
p - Plastic
r - Paper with lacquer or ferrous oxide
s - Shellac
w - Wax
u - Unknown
z - Other
| - No attempt to code

The proposed definition for this new value is as follows:

n – Not applicable
Kind of material is not applicable to digital sound recordings because it pertains to characteristics specific to physical aspects of carriers.

5.7. To address the gap in existing coding for standalone storage devices in 007c/001 Specific material designation, add code s (< > in italics indicates addition):

007/c
01 - Specific material designation
a - Tape cartridge
b - Chip cartridge
c - Computer optical disc cartridge
d - Computer disc, type unspecified
e - Computer disc cartridge, type unspecified
f - Tape cassette
h - Tape reel
j - Magnetic disk
k - Computer card
m - Magneto-optical disc
o - Optical disc
r – Remote
<s – Standalone device>
u - Unspecified
z - Other
| - No attempt to code

The proposed definition for this new value is as follows:

s – Standalone device
Standalone devices consist of storage and reader components as an integrated standalone device. The data storage medium cannot be removed from the playback device with which it is issued. The data carried on the medium can only be read using the integrated special-purpose device.

5.8. To clarify how to apply codes in 007c/01 Specific material designation for USB storage devices, broaden the definition of current code b as follows:

b - Chip cartridge
Removable module containing a miniaturized electronic circuit, mass-produced on a tiny chip or wafer of silicon, designed to provide additional processing or memory <processing, memory or storage> capacity to a computer. <Includes several types of solid-state, memory/storage devices such as non-rewritable ROM-chip cartridges and rewritable flash drives (e.g. USB keys).>

Optionally consider using a more generic, enduring term than ‘chip cartridge’ to represent this category of removable memory/storage devices.

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