MARC 21 Concise Bibliographic: Control Field 008
This is an ARCHIVED VERSION of the 2000 electronic
edition of the MARC 21 Concise Formats. Please see www.loc.gov/marc/concise/
for the most up-to-date version of the electronic MARC 21 Concise Formats.
This field contains 40 character positions (00-39) that provide coded information
about the record as a whole and about special bibliographic aspects of the item
being cataloged. These coded data elements are potentially useful for retrieval
and data management purposes.
The data elements are positionally-defined. Character positions that are not
defined contain a blank (#). All defined character positions must contain a
defined code; for some field 008 positions, this may be the fill character (|).
The fill character may be used (in certain character positions) when a cataloging
organization makes no attempt to code the character position. The fill character
is not allowed in field 008 positions 00-05 (Date entered on file). Its use
is discouraged in positions 07-10 (Date 1), 15-17 (Place of publication, production,
or execution), and the 008 position defined for Form of item (either position
23 or 29 depending upon the 008 configuration).
Character positions 00-17 and 35-39 are defined the same across all types
of material, with special consideration for position 06. The definition of character
positions 18-34 was done independently for each type of material, although certain
date elements are defined the same in the specifications for more than one type
of material. When similar data elements are defined for inclusion in field 008
for different types of material, they occupy the same field 008 character positions.
In the following documentation, character positions are described in the order
of their listing at the beginning of this section. Field 008 positions 00-17
and 35-39 for all types of material are described first, followed by seven groups
of sections for positions 18-34, each relating to one of the seven types of
material described in the Introduction.
Information for Translators and Other Users
Items highlighted in red indicate changes made
after the 1998 edition of the USMARC Concise Formats was published (This publication included the 1994 base text, along with Updates
No. 1 (March 1995), No. 2 (March 1996) and No. 3 (July 1997) of the USMARC Format for Bibliographic Data).
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Character Positions
- 00-05 - Date entered on file
The computer-generated, six-character numeric string that
indicates the date the MARC record was created. The date is
recorded in the pattern
yymmdd.
- 06 - Type of date/Publication status
A one-character code that indicates that categorizes the type of
dates given in 008/07-10 (Date 1) and 008/11-14 (Date 2). For
serially-issued items, the code in 008/06 also indicates the
publication status.
The choice of code for 008/06 is made concurrently with a
determination of the appropriate dates for 008/07-14. For most
records data is derived from information in field 260 (Publication,
Distribution, etc. (Imprint)), field 362 (Dates of Publication
and/or Volume Designation), or from note fields.
- b - No dates given; B.C. date
involved
Each character position in fields 008/07-10 and 008/11-14
contains a blank (#).
- c - Serial item currently
published
008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14
contain 9999.
- d - Serial item ceased
publication
008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14
contain the ending date of publication.
- e - Detailed date
008/07-10 contain the year and 008/11-14 contain the month and
day, recorded in the pattern
mmdd.
- i - Inclusive dates of
collection
- k - Range of years of bulk of
collection
- m - Multiple dates
008/07-10 usually contain the beginning date and 008/11-14 the
ending date.
- n - Dates unknown
Indicates that the dates appropriate for 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 are unknown (e.g., when no dates are given in field 260).
- p - Date of distribution/release/issue and
production/recording session when different
- q - Questionable date
008/07-10 contain the earliest possible date; 008/11-14 contain
the latest possible date.
- r - Reprint/reissue date and original
date
008/07-10 contain the date of reproduction or reissue; 008/11-14
contain the date of the original, if known; 008/11-14 contain
code u ("uuuu"), if unknown.
- s - Single known date/probable
date
008/07-10 contain the date; 008/11-14 contain blanks
(####).
- t - Publication date and copyright
date
- u - Serial status
unknown
008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14
contain code u ("uuuu").
- | - No attempt to code
- 07-10 - Date 1
The determination of dates for 008/07-10 is made concurrently
with
the choice of code for 008/06 (Type of date/publication
status). The use of fill characters in 008/07-10, although
possible, is discouraged since the data in Date 1 is used for
retrieval and duplicate detection in many systems. When fill is
used in 008/07-10, all four positions must contain the fill
character.
- # - Date element is not
applicable
- u - Date element is totally or partially
unknown
- | - No attempt to code
- 11-14 - Date 2
The determination of dates for 008/11-14 is made concurrently
with the choice of code for 008/06 (Type of date/publication
status). When fill is used in 008/11-14, all four positions must
contain the fill character.
- # - Date element is not
applicable
- u - Date element is totally or partially
unknown
- | - No attempt to code
- 15-17 - Place of publication, production, or
execution
A two- or three-character MARC code that indicates the place of
publication, production, or execution. The place code is an
authoritative-agency data element. The source of the code is
MARC Code List
for Countries that is maintained by the Library of Congress. Choice of
a MARC code is generally related to information in field 260 (Publication,
Distribution, etc. (Imprint)). The code recorded in 008/15-17 is
used in conjunction with field 044 (Country of Producer Code) when
more than one code is appropriate to an item. The first code in
subfield $a of field 044 is recorded in 008/15-17. Three fill
characters (|||) may be used in place of a valid code, but their
use in 008/15-17 is discouraged. The data in this field 008 data
element is used for retrieval and duplicate detection in many
systems. When fill is used in 008/15-17, all three positions must
contain the fill character.
- 35-37 - Language
A three-character MARC code that indicates the language of the
item. The source of the code is
MARC Code List
for Languages that is maintained by the Library of Congress. Choice
of a MARC code is based on the predominant language of the item. Three fill characters (|||)
may also be used if no attempt is made to code 008/35-37.
- 38 - Modified record
A one-character code that indicates whether any data in a
bibliographic record is a modification of information that appeared
on the
item being cataloged or that was intended to be included in the
MARC record. Codes are assigned a priority (recorded in the order of
the following list) that determines which code is input when more than
one code applies to the item.
- # - Not modified
- d - Dashed-on information
omitted
- o - Completely romanized/printed cards
romanized
- r - Completely romanized/printed cards in
script
- s - Shortened
Some of the data has been omitted because the record would have
exceeded the maximum length allowed by a particular
system.
- x - Missing
characters
Characters that could not be converted into machine-readable
form due to character set limitations are missing from the
record.
- | - No attempt to code
- 39 - Cataloging source
A one-character code that indicates the creator of the original
cataloging record. The NUC symbol or the name of the organization
may be
contained in subfield $a of field 040 (Cataloging Source).
- # - National bibliographic
agency
- c - Cooperative cataloging
program
The creator of the bibliographic data is a participant
(other than a national bibliographic agency) in a cooperative
cataloging program.
- d - Other
- u - Unknown
An organization has transcribed a manual bibliographic record
from an unknown source.
- | - No attempt to code
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Character Positions
- 18-21 - Illustrations
Up to four one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order)
that
indicate the presence of types of illustrations in the item. If
fewer than
four codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each
unused
position contains a blank (#).
- # - No illustrations
- a - Illustrations
- b - Maps
- c - Portraits
- d - Charts
- e - Plans
- f - Plates
- g - Music
- h - Facsimiles
- i - Coats of arms
- j - Genealogical tables
- k - Forms
- l - Samples
- m - Phonodisc, phonowire, etc.
- o - Photographs
- p - Illuminations
- | - No attempt to code
- 22 - Target audience
A one-character code that indicates the audience for which the
item
is intended.
- # - Unknown or not specified
- a - Preschool
- b - Primary
- c - Elementary and junior high
- d - Secondary (senior high)
- e - Adult
- f - Specialized
- g - General
- j - Juvenile
- | - No attempt to code
- 23 - Form of item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the
item.
- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- f - Braille
- r - Regular print reproduction
Eye-readable print.
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 24-27 - Nature of contents
Up to four one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order)
that
indicate whether a significant part of the item is or contains
certain types
of material. If fewer than four codes are assigned, the codes are
left
justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).
- # - No specified nature of
contents
- a - Abstracts/summaries
The item is or contains abstracts or summaries of other
publications.
- b - Bibliographies
- c - Catalogs
- d - Dictionaries
This code is also used for a glossary or a
gazetteer.
- e - Encyclopedias
- f - Handbooks
- g - Legal articles
- i - Indexes
The item is or contains an index to bibliographical material
other than itself.
- j - Patent document
- k - Discographies
- l - Legislation
The item is or contains full or partial texts of enactments of
legislative bodies or texts of rules and regulations issued by
executive or
administrative agencies.
- m - Theses
Indicates that the item is a thesis, dissertation, or work
identified as having been created to satisfy the
requirements for an academic certification or
degree.
- n - Surveys of literature in a subject
area
The item is or contains authored surveys that summarize what
has been published about a subject.
- o - Reviews
The item is or contains critical reviews of published or
performed works.
- p - Programmed texts
- q - Filmographies
- r - Directories
- s - Statistics
- t - Technical reports
- v - Legal cases and case notes
- w - Law reports and digests
- z - Treaties
Indicates that the item is a treaty or accord negotiated
between two or more parties to settle a disagreement,
establish a relationship, grant rights,
etc.
- | - No attempt to code
- 28 - Government publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the item is
published or
produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the
jurisdictional level
of the agency.
- # - Not a government
publication
- a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous
component
- c - Multilocal
- f - Federal/national
- i - International
intergovernmental
- l - Local
- m - Multistate
- o - Government publication--level
undetermined
- s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent,
etc.
- u - Unknown if item is government
publication
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 29 - Conference publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the item consists of
the
proceedings, reports, or summaries of a conference.
- 0 - Not a conference
publication
- 1 - Conference
publication
- | - No attempt to code
- 30 - Festschrift
A one-character code that indicates whether the item is a
festschrift.
- 0 - Not a festschrift
- 1 - Festschrift
- | - No attempt to code
- 31 - Index
A one-character code that indicates whether the item includes an
index to its own contents.
- 0 - No index
- 1 - Index present
- | - No attempt to code
- 32 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 33 - Literary form
Indicates the literary form of an item. Numeric codes 0 and
1 provide a generic identification of whether or not the item
is a work of fiction. Alphabetic codes may be used to
identify specific literary forms.
- 0 - Not fiction (not further
specified)
- 1 - Fiction (not further
specified)
- c - Comic strips
- d - Dramas
- e - Essays
- f - Novels
- h - Humor, satires, etc.
Indicates that the item is a humorous work, satire, or of
a similar literary form.
- i - Letters
Indicates that the item is a single letter or collection
of correspondence.
- j - Short stories
Indicates that the item is a short story or collection
of short stories.
- m - Mixed forms
Indicates that the items represents a variety of literary
forms (e.g., poetry and short stories).
- p - Poetry
- s - Speeched
- u - Unknown
- | - No attempt to code
- 34 - Biography
A one-character code that indicates whether the item contains
biographical material, and, if so, what the biographical
characteristics
are.
- # - No biographical material
- a - Autobiography
- b - Individual biography
- c - Collective biography
- d - Contains biographical
information
- | - No attempt to code
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Character Positions
- 18-21 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 22 - Target audience
A one-character code that indicates the audience for which the
item
(primarily educational computer file material) is intended.
- # - Unknown or not specified
- a - Preschool
- b - Primary
Kindergarten through the third grade.
- c - Elementary and junior high
- d - Secondary (senior high)
- e - Adult
- f - Specialized
- g - General
- j - Juvenile
- | - No attempt to code
- 23-25 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 26 - Type of computer file
A one-character code that indicates the type of computer file
described in the bibliographic record.
- a - Numeric data
- b - Computer program
- c - Representational
Pictorial or graphic information that can be manipulated in
conjunction with other types of files to produce graphic patterns
that can be
used to interpret and give meaning to the
information.
- d - Document
- e - Bibliographic data
- f - Font
- g - Game
- h - Sound
- i - Interactive multimedia
- j - Online system or service
- m - Combination
- u - Unknown
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 27 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 28 - Government publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the computer file is
published or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so,
the
jurisdictional level of the agency.
- # - Not a government
publication
- a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous
component
- c - Multilocal
- f - Federal/national
- i - International
intergovernmental
- l - Local
- m - Multistate
- o - Government publication--level
undetermined
- s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent,
etc.
- u - Unknown if item is government
publication
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 29-34 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
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Character Positions
- 18-21 - Relief
Up to four one-character codes that indicate the relief type
specified on the item. Codes are recorded in order of their
importance to
the described item. If fewer than four codes are assigned, the
codes are
left justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).
- # - No relief shown
- a - Contours
- b - Shading
- c - Gradient and bathymetric
tints
- d - Hachures
- e - Bathymetry/soundings
- f - Form lines
- g - Spot heights
- i - Pictorially
- j - Land forms
- k - Bathymetry/isolines
- m - Rock drawings
- z - Other relief
type
- | - No attempt to code
- 22-23 - Projection
A two-character code that indicates the projection used in
producing
the item.
- ## - Projection not specified
- aa - Aitoff
- ab - Gnomic
- ac - Lambert's azimuthal equal
area
- ad - Orthographic
- ae - Azimuthal equidistant
- af - Stereographic
- ag - General vertical
near-sided
- am - Modified stereographic for
Alaska
- an - Chamberlin trimetric
- ap - Polar stereographic
- au - Azimuthal, specific type
unknown
- az - Azimuthal, other
- ba - Gall
- bb - Goode's homolographic
- bc - Lambert's cylindrical equal
area
- bd - Mercator
- be - Miller
- bf - Mollweide
- bg - Sinusoidal
- bh - Transverse Mercator
- bi - Gauss-Kruger
- bj - Equirectangular
- bo - Oblique Mercator
- br - Robinson
- bs - Space oblique Mercator
- bu - Cylindrical, specific type
unknown
- bz - Cylindrical, other
- ca - Alber's equal area
- cb - Bonne
- cc - Lambert's conformal conic
- ce - Equidistant conic
- cp - Polyconic
- cu - Conic, specific type
unknown
- cz - Conic, other
- da - Armadillo
- db - Butterfly
- dc - Eckert
- dd - Goode's homolosine
- de - Miller's bipolar oblique conformal
conic
- df - Van Der Grinten
- dg - Dimaxion
- dh - Cordiform
- dl - Lambert conformal
- zz - Other
- || - No attempt to code
- 24 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 25 - Type of cartographic material
A one-character code that indicates the type of nonbook
cartographic
item described in the bibliographic record.
- a - Single map
- b - Map series
A number of related but physically separate and
bibliographically distinct cartographic units intended by the
producer or
issuing body to form a single group.
- c - Map serial
A cartographic publication issued in successive parts bearing
numerical or chronological designations and intended to be
continued
indefinitely.
- d - Globe
- e - Atlas
- f - Separate map supplement to another
work
- g - Map bound as part of another
work
- u - Unknown
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 26-27 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 28 - Government publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the item is
published or
produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the
jurisdictional level
of the agency.
- # - Not a government
publication
- a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous
component
- c - Multilocal
- f - Federal/national
- i - International
intergovernmental
- l - Local
- m - Multistate
- o - Government publication--level
undetermined
- s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent,
etc.
- u - Unknown if item is government
publication
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 29 - Form of item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the
item.
- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- f - Braille
- r - Regular print reproduction
Eye-readable print.
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 30 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 31 - Index
A one-character code that indicates whether the item or
accompanying
material includes a location index or gazetteer.
- 0 - No index
- 1 - Index present
- | - No attempt to code
- 32 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 33-34 - Special format characteristics
Up to two one-character codes that indicate the special format
characteristics of the map. Codes are recorded in order of their
importance
to the described item. If only one code is assigned, it is left
justified
and the unused position contains a blank (#).
- # - No specified special format
characteristics
- e - Manuscript
- j - Picture card, post card
- k - Calendar
- l - Puzzle
- n - Game
- o - Wall map
- p - Playing cards
- r - Loose-leaf
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
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Character Positions
- 18-19 - Form of composition
A two-character code that indicates the form of composition of
printed or manuscript music or a musical sound recording. The
codes are
based on Library of Congress subject headings. If more than one
code is
appropriate, the code
mu (Multiple forms) is used in
008/18-19 and all appropriate specific codes are given in field 047
(Form of
Composition).
- an - Anthems
- bd - Ballads
- bg - Bluegrass music
- bl - Blues
- bt - Ballets
- ca - Chaconnes
- cb - Chants, Other religions
- cc - Chant, Christian
- cg - Concerti grossi
- ch - Chorales
- cl - Chorale preludes
- cn - Canons and rounds
- co - Concertos
- cp - Chansons, polyphonic
- cr - Carols
- cs - Chance compositions
- ct - Cantatas
- cy - Country music
- cz - Canzonas
- df - Dance forms
Separate codes are defined for mazurkas, minuets, pavans,
polonaises, and waltzes.
- dv - Divertimentos, serenades, cassations,
divertissements, notturni
- fg - Fugues
- fm - Folk music
- ft - Fantasias
- gm - Gospel music
- hy - Hymns
- jz - Jazz
- mc - Musical revues and
comedies
- md - Madrigals
- mi - Minuets
- mo - Motets
- mp - Motion picture music
- mr - Marches
- ms - Masses
- mu - Multiple forms
- mz - Mazurkas
- nc - Nocturnes
- nn - Not applicable
- op - Operas
- or - Oratorios
- ov - Overtures
- pg - Program music
- pm - Passion music
- po - Polonaises
- pp - Popular music
- pr - Preludes
- ps - Passacaglias
- pt - Part-songs
- pv - Pavans
- rc - Rock music
- rd - Rondos
- rg - Ragtime music
- ri - Ricercars
- rp - Rhapsodies
- rq - Requiems
- sd - Square dance music
- sg - Songs
- sn - Sonatas
- sp - Symphonic poems
- st - Studies and exercises
- su - Suites
- sy - Symphonies
- tc - Toccatas
- ts - Trio-sonatas
- uu - Unknown
- vr - Variations
- wz - Waltzes
- zz - Other
- || - No attempt to code
- 20 - Format of music
A one-character code that indicates the format of a printed or
manuscript music composition.
- a - Full score
- b - Full score, miniature or study
size
- c - Accompaniment reduced for
keyboard
- d - Voice score
- e - Condensed score or piano-conductor
score
- g - Close score
- m - Multiple score formats
- n - Not applicable
- u - Unknown
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 21 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 22 - Target audience
Indicates the audience for which the item is intended.
- # - Unknown or not specified
- a - Preschool
- b - Primary
- c - Elementary and junior high
- d - Secondary (senior high)
- e - Adult
- f - Specialized
- g - General
- j - Juvenile
- | - No attempt to code
- 23 - Form of item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material for
printed
or manuscript music.
- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- f - Braille
- r - Regular print reproduction
Eye-readable print.
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 24-29 - Accompanying matter
Up to six one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order)
that
indicate the contents of program notes and other accompanying
material for
the sound recording, manuscript music, or printed music. If fewer
than six
codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each unused
position
contains a blank (#).
- # - No accompanying matter
- a - Discography
- b - Bibliography
- c - Thematic index
- d - Libretto or text
- e - Biography of composer or
author
- f - Biography of performer or history of
ensemble
- g - Technical and/or historical information on
instruments
- h - Technical information on
music
- i - Historical information
- k - Ethnological information
- r - Instructional materials
- s - Music
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 30-31 - Literary text for sound recordings
Up to two one-character codes (recorded in the order of the
following
list) that indicate the type of literary text contained in the
nonmusical
sound recording. If only one code is assigned, it is left
justified and the
unused position contains a blank (#).
- # - Item is a musical sound
recording
- a - Autobiography
- b - Biography
- c - Conference proceedings
- d - Drama
- e - Essays
- f - Fiction
- g - Reporting
- h - History
- i - Instruction
- j - Language instruction
- k - Comedy
- l - Lectures, speeches
- m - Memoirs
- n - Not applicable
- o - Folktales
- p - Poetry
- r - Rehearsals
- s - Sounds
- t - Interviews
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 32-34 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
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Character Positions
- 18 - Frequency
A one-character code that indicates the frequency of the serial;
used
in conjunction with 008/19 (Regularity).
- # - No determinable frequency
Frequency is intentionally irregular.
- a - Annual
- b - Bimonthly
Includes 6, 7, or 8 numbers a year.
- c - Semiweekly
- d - Daily
- e - Biweekly
- f - Semiannual
Includes 2 numbers a year.
- g - Biennial
- h - Triennial
- i - Three times a week
- j - Three times a month
- m - Monthly
Includes 9, 10, 11, or 12 numbers a year.
- q - Quarterly
Includes 4 numbers a year.
- s - Semimonthly
- t - Three times a year
- u - Unknown
- w - Weekly
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 19 - Regularity
A one-character code that indicates the intended regularity of
the
serial; used in conjunction with 008/18 (Frequency).
- n - Normalized irregular
Predictable irregularity pattern.
- r - Regular
- u - Unknown
- x - Completely
irregular
The frequency is known to be intentionally irregular (008/18,
code #) or the frequency is expressed on the item as
numbers
per year.
- | - No attempt to code
- 20 - ISSN center
A one-character code that indicates the ISSN center responsible
for
assigning and maintaining certain data in the bibliographic
record.
- # - No ISSN center code
assigned
Used by U.S. organizations other than CONSER participants and
the National Serials Data Program (NSDP).
- 0 - International Center
The ISSN center is in Paris, France.
- 1 - United States
The United States National Serials Data Program.
- 4 - Canada
The ISDS/Canada center.
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 21 - Type of serial
A one-character code that indicates the type of serial.
- # - None of the following
This code is also used for yearbooks and annual
reports.
- m - Monographic series
- n - Newspaper
- p - Periodical
- | - No attempt to code
- 22 - Form of original item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material in
which the
serial was originally published.
- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- e - Newspaper format
- f - Braille
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 23 - Form of item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the
serial.
- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- f - Braille
- r - Regular print reproduction
Eye-readable print.
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 24 - Nature of entire work
A one-character code that indicates the nature of the serial
if it consists entirely of a certain type of material. If
more than one code is applicable, 008/24 contains a # and
up to three codes may be recorded in 008/25-27 (Nature of
contents).
- # - No specified nature of entire
work
- a - Abstracts/summaries
The item consists of abstracts or summaries of
other publications.
- b - Bibliographies
- c - Catalogs
- d - Dictionaries
This code is also used for a glossary or a
gazetteer.
- e - Encyclopedias
- f - Handbooks
- g - Legal articles
- h - Biography
- i - Indexes
The item consists of an index to bibliographical material other
than itself.
- k - Discographies
- l - Legislation
The item consists of full or partial texts of enactments of
legislative bodies or texts of rules and regulations issued by
executive or
administrative agencies.
- m - Theses
Indicates that the item is a thesis, dissertation, or work
identified as having been created to satisfy the
requirements for an academic certification or
degree.
- n - Surveys of literature in a subject
area
The item is or contains authored surveys that summarize what
has been published about a subject.
- o - Reviews
The item consists of critical reviews of published or performed
works.
- p - Programmed texts
- q - Filmographies
- r - Directories
- s - Statistics
- t - Technical reports
- v - Legal cases and case notes
- w - Law reports and digests
- z - Treaties
Indicates that the item is a treaty or accord negotiated
between two or more parties to settle a disagreement,
establish a relationship, grant rights,
etc.
- | - No attempt to code
- 25-27 - Nature of contents
Up to three one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order)
that indicate that the serial contains certain types of materials.
If fewer than three codes are assigned, the codes are left
justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).
- # - No specified nature of
contents
- a - Abstracts/summaries
The item consists of abstracts or summaries of
other publications.
- b - Bibliographies
- c - Catalogs
- d - Dictionaries
This code is also used for a glossary or a gazetteer.
- e - Encyclopedias
- f - Handbooks
- g - Legal articles
- h - Biography
- i - Indexes
The item consists of an index to bibliographical material other than
itself.
- k - Discographies
- l - Legislation
The item consists of full or partial texts of enactments of legislative bodies or texts of
rules
and regulations issued by executive or administrative agencies.
- m - Theses
Indicates that the item is a thesis, dissertation, or work
identified as having been created to satisfy the
requirements for an academic certification or
degree.
- n - Surveys of literature in a subject
area
The item is or contains authored surveys that summarize what has been published about
a subject
- o - Reviews
The item consists of critical reviews of published or performed works.
- p - Programmed texts
- q - Filmographies
- r - Directories
- s - Statistics
- t - Technical reports
- v - Legal cases and case notes
- w - Law reports and digests
- z - Treaties
Indicates that the item is a treaty or accord negotiated
between two or more parties to settle a disagreement,
establish a relationship, grant rights,
etc.
- | - No attempt to code
- 28 - Government publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the serial is
published
or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the
jurisdictional
level of the agency.
- # - Not a government
publication
- a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous
component
- c - Multilocal
- f - Federal/national
- i - International
intergovernmental
- l - Local
- m - Multistate
- o - Government publication--level
undetermined
- s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent,
etc.
- u - Unknown if item is government
publication
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 29 - Conference publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the serial consists
of
the proceedings, reports, or summaries of a conference.
- 0 - Not a conference
publication
- 1 - Conference
publication
- | - No attempt to code
- 30-32 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 33 - Original alphabet or script of title
A one-character code that indicates the original alphabet or
script
of the language of the title on the source item upon which the key
title
(field 222) is based.
- # - No alphabet or script given/no key
title
This code may relate to the title proper in field 245 when no
key title is present.
- a - Basic roman
Includes no diacritics or special characters.
- b - Extended roman
Includes diacritics and special characters.
- c - Cyrillic
- d - Japanese
- e - Chinese
- f - Arabic
- g - Greek
- h - Hebrew
- i - Thai
- j - Devanagari
- k - Korean
- l - Tamil
- u - Unknown
- z - Other
Includes instances of a title that incorporates words from more
than one alphabet or script.
- | - No attempt to code
- 34 - Successive/latest entry
A one-character code that indicates whether the serial was
cataloged
according to successive entry or latest entry cataloging
conventions.
- 0 - Successive entry
A new bibliographic record is created each time a title changes
or a corporate body used as a main entry or uniform title qualifier
changes.
The earlier or later title or author/title is recorded in a linking
780/785
field in each record.
- 1 - Latest entry
The serial is cataloged under its most recent title or issuing
body (pre-AACR cataloging rules). All former titles and/or issuing
bodies
are given in notes (fields 247, 547, and
550).
- | - No attempt to code
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Character Positions
- 18-20 - Running time for motion pictures and
videorecordings
A three-digit number that indicates the total running time of
the
motion picture or videorecording. The number is right justified
and each
unused position contains a zero.
- 000 - Running time exceeds three
characters
- 001-999 - Running time
- --- - Running time unknown
- nnn - Not
applicable
- ||| - No attempt to code
- 21 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 22 - Target audience
A one-character code that indicates the audience for which the
item
(primarily educational audiovisual material) is intended.
- # - Unknown or not specified
- a - Preschool
- b - Primary
Kindergarten through the third grade.
- c - Elementary and junior high
- d - Secondary (senior high)
- e - Adult
- f - Specialized
- g - General
- j - Juvenile
- | - No attempt to code
- 23-27 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 28 - Government publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the item is
published or
produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the
jurisdictional level
of the agency.
- # - Not a government
publication
- a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous
component
- c - Multilocal
- f - Federal/national
- i - International
intergovernmental
- l - Local
- m - Multistate
- o - Government publication--level
undetermined
- s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent,
etc.
- u - Unknown if item is government
publication
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 29 - Form of item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the
item.
- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- f - Braille
- r - Regular print reproduction
Eye-readable print.
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 30-32 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 33 - Type of visual material
A one-character code that indicates the type of visual material
item.
- a - Art original
- b - Kit
An item that contains a mixture of components from two or more
categories, no one of which is the predominant constituent of the
item.
- c - Art reproduction
- d - Diorama
- f - Filmstrip
- g - Game
- i - Picture
- k - Graphic
- l - Technical drawing
- m - Motion picture
- n - Chart
- o - Flash card
- p - Microscope slide
- q - Model
- r - Realia
- s - Slide
- t - Transparency
- v - Videorecording
- w - Toy
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 34 - Technique
A one-character code that indicates the technique used in
creating
motion in the motion picture or videorecording.
- a - Animation
- c - Animation and live action
- l - Live action
- n - Not applicable
Item is not a motion picture or a
videorecording.
- u - Unknown
- z - Other technique
- | - No attempt to code
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Character Positions
- 18-22 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 23 - Form of item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the
item.
- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- f - Braille
- r - Regular print reproduction
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 24-34 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
Go to top of document
MARC 21 Concise Format for Bibliographic Data Home Page |
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(03/11/2002)