MARC DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 2009-DP06/2

1. BACKGROUND

At the Midwinter 2008 MARBI Meetings, the MARC Advisory Committee considered Discussion Paper No. 2008-DP04, which introduced issues related to encoding data formulated according to Resource Description and Access (RDA) in MARC records. Prepared by members of the Joint Steering Committee (JSC), the paper listed a number of areas where changes might be needed to the formats to accommodate RDA data, and participants at the meeting suggested directions for future proposed changes to MARC. That Discussion Paper included several appendices which mapped RDA instructions to MARC data elements.

As the JSC finalized the RDA instructions, cataloging communities have discovered additional areas where the granularity of data in RDA (informed by FRBR entities) and the MARC21 formats are not in alignment.

The RDA/MARC Working Group, established under the auspices of the Library of Congress, the Library and Archives Canada, and the British Library, developed working principles to assist in deciding what changes are necessary to MARC to accommodate RDA-encoded bibliographic records (2008-05/1). One principle concerned parsing of data, taken from the MARC Formats: Background and Principles. It includes some principles for instances where specific content designation is needed in textual fields:

• Categorical indexing or retrieval is required for the data. The data is used for structured access purposes but does not have the nature of a controlled access point.
• Special manipulation of a specific category of data is a routine requirement. Such manipulation includes special print or display formatting or selection or suppression from display or printed product.
• Specialized structuring of information for reasons other than those given above is needed. For example, support for particular standards of data content.

Currently two RDA data elements, Place of Capture (7.11.2) and Date of Capture (7.11.3), map to the same MARC21 Bibliographic fields -- field 033 provides greater granularity and is controlled and structured; field 518 is in note form.

Field Definition and Scope:
Formatted date/time and/or coded place of creation, capture, or broadcast associated with an event or the finding of a naturally occurring object. This information in textual form is contained in field 518 (Date/Time and Place of an Event Note). Such information includes the date/time and/or place of recording, filming, execution, or broadcast of an event.

Field Definition and Scope:
Note on the date/time and/or place of creation, capture, recording, filming, execution, or broadcast associated with an event or the finding of a naturally occurring object. Field 033 (Date/Time and Place of an Event) contains the same information in coded form.

2. DISCUSSION

The MARC21 Bibliographic Formats already provide the necessary granularity to encode the basic information related to Place of Capture and Date of Capture in Field 033. This information is provided exclusively as coded data.

For date of capture, Field 033 subfield $a enables machine manipulation, as the data is recorded in an ISO-compliant form.

For place of capture, the data recorded in Field 033 subfield $b is limited to a four to six character numeric code derived from the Library of Congress Classification--Class G; for expansion, subfield $c may contain an alphanumeric Cutter number for a geographic subarea, again derived from the G Classification Schedule. This construction does not often allow for the specificity beyond the city or similar jurisdiction, which may be provided in the related eye-readable Field 518, such as:

    518 ## $aRecorded in Abbey Road Studio 1, London, Aug. 2000.

Because Field 518 exists to provide the equivalent date and place of capture information in eye-readable form, many cataloging records do not contain both fields. However, the date recorded in Field 518 does not follow a standing encoding practice, and may be a single date, a collection of individual dates, or a range of dates, such as:

    518 ## $aBroadcast October 17, 1954 at 7:30 p.m. (PST).

    518 ## $aFilmed on location in Rome and Venice from January 
             through June 1976.

    518 ## $aRecorded Mar. 19-21 and Nov. 16-18, 1979, Kirche der 
             Karlshöhe, Ludwigsburg.

Current practice does not reflect the clear separation that RDA makes between date and place of capture. However, since Field 518 is repeatable, RDA data could be accommodated as follows:

    518 ## $aPlace of capture: Abbey Road Studio 1, London.
    518 ## $aDate of capture: 2000 August.

Note that in this approach, the introductory words or other explanatory phrases that so frequently appear in existing cataloging records are not easily accommodated.

2.1 Define the following new subfield for Field 033, relating to Place of capture

$d - Name of place [beyond what can be specified by the codes] (R)

Note that the addition of subfield $d would require changing the definition of Field 033 to allow for non-coded data. Note that $d will not be a controlled value, but free text.

    033 00 $a200008--$b5754$cL7$dAbbey Road Studio 1
    518 ## $aRecorded in Abbey Road Studio 1, London, Aug. 2000.

    033 20 $a19691214$a19691217$b6299$cD7$dLukaskirche
    033 10 $a19811125$b6299$cL3$fNeues Gewandhaus
    518 ## $aRecorded Dec. 14-17, 1969, Lukaskirche, Dresden 
            (1st and 2nd works)and Nov. 25, 1981, Neues 
            Gewandhaus, Leipzig (3rd work).

2.2 Define the following subfields in Field 518

$d - Date of Capture (R)

Date/time of creation, capture, recording, filming, execution, or broadcast associated with an event or the finding of a naturally occurring object.

$i - Introductory Phrase (NR)

Introductory phrase that introduces the date or place of capture.

$p - Place of Capture (R)

Place of creation, capture, recording, filming, execution, or broadcast associated with an event or the finding of a naturally occurring object.

    518 ## $iBroadcast$aOctober 17, 1954 at 7:30 p.m. (PST).

    518 ## $iFilmed on location:$pRome and Venice,$dJanuary 
            through June 1976.

    518 ## $iRecorded$dMar. 19-21 and Nov. 16-18, 1979,$pKirche 
             der Karlshöhe, Ludwigsburg.

    518 ## $iRecorded live$pLugano Festival Stelio Molo, Lugano, 
             Italy, $dJune 2007.

Note: To accommodate non-RDA use, subfield $a (Date/time and place of an event note) should be retained with its current definition.

3. EXAMPLES

Using new subfields in both Field 033 and Field 518:

    033 20 $a19691214$a19691217$b6299$cD7$dLukaskirche
    033 10 $a19811125$b6299$cL3$dNeues Gewandhaus
    518 ## $i1st-2nd works recorded$dDec. 14-17, 1969,
            $pLukaskirche, Dresden.
    518 ## $i3rd work recorded$dNov. 25, 1981,$pNeues 
             Gewandhaus, Leipzig.

Or

    518 ## $31st-2nd works$irecorded$dDec. 14-17, 1969,
            $pLukaskirche, Dresden.
    518 ## $33rd work$irecorded$dNov. 25, 1981,$pNeues 
             Gewandhaus, Leipzig.

    033 10 $a19751222$a19751223$a19751226$a19751227$b5384$cP3 
             $dNotre-Dame de Paris
    033 20 $a19780131$a19780202$b5384$cP3$dNotre-Dame de Paris
    518 ## $iDate of capture:$d1975 December 22, 23, 26 and 27.
    518 ## $iDate of capture:$d1978 January 31-February 2.
    518 ## $iPlace of capture:$pNotre-Dame de Paris.
    700 12 $aVierne, Louis,$d1870-1937.$tMesse solennelle.
    700 12 $aVierne, Louis,$d1870-1937.$tTriptyque.
    700 12 $aVierne, Louis,$d1870-1937.$tSymphonies,$morgan,
             $nno. 3,op. 28,$rF# minor.

The same example, using subfield $8 to retain relationships between the works and their date and place of capture:

    033 10 $83\c$a19751222$a19751223$a19751226$a19751227
            $b5384$cP3$dNotre-Dame de Paris
    033 20 $81\c$82\c$a19780131$a19780202$b5384$cP3
             $dNotre-Dame de Paris
    518 ## $83\c$iDate of capture:$d1975 December 22, 23, 
             26 and 27.
    518 ## $81\c$82\c$iDate of capture:$d1978 January 31-February 2.
    518 ## $81\c$82\c$83\c$iPlace of capture:$pNotre-Dame de Paris.
    700 12 $81\c$aVierne, Louis,$d1870-1937.$tMesse solennelle.
    700 12 $82\c$aVierne, Louis,$d1870-1937.$tTriptyque.
    700 12 $83\c$aVierne, Louis,$d1870-1937.$tSymphonies,
             $morgan,$nno. 3, op. 28,$rF# minor.

4. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

• 4.1    What are the benefits of separately recording Date of Capture and Place of Capture?
• 4.2     Should this information be recorded in Field 033, Field 518, or both?
• 4.3     How should information regarding multiple places and dates of capture be encoded?

For example:

    518 ## $iFilmed on location:$pRome and Venice,$dJanuary through 
             June 1976.

Or

    518 ## $iFilmed on location:$pRome,$pVenice,$dJanuary through 
            June 1976.

Or

    518 ## $dJanuary through June 1976.
    518 ## $pRome.
    518 ## $pVenice.

    518 ## $iRecorded$dMar. 19-21 and Nov. 16-18, 1979,$pKirche der 
             Karlshöhe, Ludwigsburg.

Or

    518 ## $iRecorded$dMar. 19-21, 1979,$dNov. 16-18, 1979,$pKirche der 
             Karlshöhe, Ludwigsburg.

Or

    518 ## $dMar. 19-21, 1979.
    518 ## $dNov. 16-18, 1979.
    518 ## $pKirche der Karlshöhe, Ludwigsburg.