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DATE: December 21, 2011
REVISED: January 5, 2012
NAME: New Data Elements in the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Authority Formats for Medium of Performance
SOURCE: Music Library Association
SUMMARY: This proposal addresses the need for more specific encoding for medium of performance in the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Authority Formats, beyond the data that is currently recorded in subject headings.
KEYWORDS: Field 382 (AD, BD); Medium of performance (AD, BD)
STATUS/COMMENTS:
12/21/11 – Made available to the MARC community for discussion.
01/21/12 – Results of MARC Advisory Committee discussion: Approved as amended. Passed Option 1 (field 382 in the Bibliographic and the Authority formats) with the following amendments to the proposal: 1) Adjust indicator 1 to add value 1 and rename values: # (No information provided); 0 (Medium of performance); 1 (Partial medium of performance); 2) In the Bibliographic format, rename indicator 2 (Access control) and adjust to add value 0 and rename values: # (No information provided); 0 (Not intended for access); 1 (Intended for access); 3) Rename/redefine subfield $n (Number of performers…) and add subfield $s (Total number of performers); 4) Rename/redefine subfield $p (Alternative medium of performance) and add subfield $v (Note).
02/22/12 - Results of LC/LAC/BL review - Agreed with the MARBI decision.
As noted in Discussion Paper 2011-DP05, medium of performance is a critical piece of information for music retrieval. Following current LCSH practice, catalogers assign subject headings which often combine genre/form and medium information into a single heading. As work continues on developing Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials (LCGFT), it has become clear that medium of performance vocabulary is out of scope for LCGFT and is a separate facet in its own right. The ability to move forward on implementing music terms in LCGFT is dependent on finding a place in the MARC Formats to accommodate medium of performance data in a separate field.
Following on the MARC Advisory Committee recommendations from the discussion of 2011-DP05, this proposal presents two options for encoding medium of performance: an expansion of Field 382 or the creation of a new 6XX field.
The MARC Formats already contain a definition of medium of performance in the Field Definition and Scope of the 382 field (see below, under 2.1).
The implementation of LCGFT will cause a change in cataloging practice. The current LCSH terms will be deconstructed and recorded in 655 fields and the medium of performance will be recorded in a separate field.
Current practice – form and medium combined in a single heading
Example 1:
650 #0 $a Sonatas (Flute and piano)
Current practice – form and medium in separate headings
Example 2:
650 #0 $a Waltzes.
650 #0 $a Flute and piano music.
Future practice with form/genre thesaurus implementation
Example 1:
655 #7 $a Sonatas. $2 lcgft
AAA ## $a flute $a piano
Example 2:
655 #7 $a Waltzes. $2 lcgft
AAA ## $a flute $a piano
MARBI’s discussion of 2011-DP05 narrowed down the options to two possible MARC fields that might accommodate medium of performance. One already exists: field 382 (Medium of performance). The other possibility is a new 6XX field defined for medium of performance. Either field would need similar subfields to enhance searchability.
In order to optimize retrieval of medium of performance data, the following elements should be provided for in the MARC record:
2.1. Current definition of Field 382 (Bibliographic and Authority Formats)
Field Definition and Scope:
The instrumental, vocal, and/or other medium of performance for which a musical work was originally conceived or for which a musical expression is written or performed. May be used to differentiate a musical work or expression from another with the same title.
Multiple mediums from the same source vocabulary may be recorded in the same field in separate occurrences of subfield $a (Medium of performance). Terms from different source vocabularies are recorded in separate occurrences of the field.
2.2. Expanding Field 382 for Medium of performance
Field 382, created to accommodate RDA granularity in the MARC Formats (see Proposal No. 2010-04), could be expanded to accommodate the greater specificity required, adding an indicator value that conveys whether the data is complete or partial, and adding subfields to identify soloists, doubling instruments, and the number of performers.
Several factors complicate the expansion of field 382. First, because the terminology and granularity differs between RDA and the expanded coding of medium of performance requirements discussed above, catalogers may need to repeat the 382 field for the separate vocabularies and usage requirements. Within the Bibliographic Format, an additional consideration is whether or not the 382 field needs to be indexed as an access point. Option 1 below presents the use of an indicator value to generate an access point within the medium of performance index instead of relying only on the presence of a code in subfield $2; this would permit the exclusion of RDA vocabulary used in other 382 fields. Finally, the 382 currently can be interpreted as applicable for work/expression records only; the expansion presented in this proposal would broaden it to be applicable in manifestation records as well.
Examples of changes for 382 field:
382 #1 $a trumpet $p 2 $a trombone $p 2 $n 4
A work for two trumpets and two trombones.382 ## $a recorders (2)
382 ## $a alto recorder $p 2 $n 2 $2 [code for medium of performance list]
An RDA record for a work for two alto recorders. (Showing the repeated field and the $2).382 #1 $a flute $p 1 $a violin $p 1 $a piano $p 1 $n 3
382 #1 $a flute $p 1 $a oboe $p 1 $a piano $p 1 $n 3
382 #1 $a flute $p 1 $a clarinet $p 1 $a piano $p 1 $n 3
A trio for flute, violin (or oboe, or clarinet), and piano.382 #1 $a flute $p 1 $d piccolo $p 1 $d alto flute $p 1 $d bass flute $p 1 $n 1
A work for solo flute, doubling piccolo, doubling alto flute, and doubling bass flute.382 01 $a didjeridu $p 1
A sound recording of didjeridu music, in which the didjeridu is prominent, but other instruments are not identified.
2.3. Creating a new field for Medium of performance
Creating a new field for Medium of performance in the 6XX block would keep this data near the genre/form headings in bibliographic records and would reside in a subset of fields that have traditionally been intended for indexing for access. This field would require the same content as proposed for the modified 382 field: an indicator value that conveys whether the data is complete or partial, a subfield for the medium of performance terms as well as subfields to identify soloists, doubling instruments (i.e., one performer playing more than one instrument), and the number of performers.
Examples of new 6XX field:
6XX ## $b flute $p 1 $a orchestra
A work for flute accompanied by orchestra6XX ## $b soprano $p 2 $b alto $p 1 $b tenor $p 1 $b bass $p 2 $a chorus (mixed voices)
A work for SSATBB soloists (two sopranos, an alto, a tenor, and two basses) and SATB chorus (sopranos, altos, tenors, and basses).6XX 0# $b soprano $p 1
A sound recording of a prominent soprano, accompanied by various and unidentified ensembles6XX ## $a soprano $p 2 $a mezzo-soprano $p 1 $a tenor saxophone $p 1 $d bass clarinet $p 1 $a trumpet $p 1 $a piano $p 1 $a violin $p 1 $d viola $p 1 $a double bass $p 1 $n 8
A work for 2 sopranos, one mezzo-soprano, tenor saxophone (doubling bass clarinet), C trumpet, piano, violin (doubling viola), and double bass
For additional examples, see http://bcc.musiclibraryassoc.org/Medium_Marbi_2011.pdf 
3.1. Option 1.
Modify the Field Definition and Scope in Field 382 in the MARC 21 Bibliographic format:
For works and expressions: the instrumental, vocal, and/or other medium of performance for which a musical work was originally conceived or for which a musical expression is written or performed. May be used to differentiate a musical work or expression from another with the same title.
For manifestations: the instrumental, vocal, and/or other medium of performance embodied in the manifestation.
Multiple mediums from the same source vocabulary may be recorded in the same field in separate occurrences of subfield $a (Medium of performance). Terms from different source vocabularies are recorded in separate occurrences of the field.
Define the following additional data elements in Field 382 in the MARC 21 Bibliographic format:
1st indicator: Display constant controller
# – Medium of performance
0 – Partial medium of performance
2nd indicator: Added entry
0 – No added entry
1 – Added entry$b – Soloist (R)
$d – Doubling instrument (R)
$p – Number of performers of the same instrument/voice in preceding subfield
$a, $b, or $d (R)
$n – Total number of performers (NR)
Define the following additional data elements in Field 382 in the MARC 21 Authority format:
1st indicator: Display constant controller
# – Medium of performance
0 – Partial medium of performance$b – Soloist (R)
$d – Doubling instrument (R)
$p – Number of performers of the same instrument/voice in preceding subfield
$a, $b, or $d (R)
$n – Total number of performers (NR)
3.2. Option 2 - Define Field 6XX in the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Authority Formats:
6XX – Medium of Performance (R)
FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE
Index term that represents the instrumental, vocal, and/or other medium of performance embodied in the manifestation.
Indicators
First – Display constant controller
# - Medium of performance
0 - Partial medium of performance
Second – Undefined
# - UndefinedSubfield Codes
$a – Medium of performance (R)
$b – Soloist (R)
$d – Doubling instrument (R)
$p – Number of performers of the same instrument/voice in preceding subfield
$a, $b, or $d (R)
$n – Total number of performers (NR)
$0 – Record control number (R)
$2 – Source of term (NR)
$6 – Linkage (NR)
$8 – Field link and sequence number (R)
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