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DATE: May 31, 2013
REVISED:
NAME: Defining New Field 388 for Chronological Terms in the MARC 21 Authority Format
SOURCE: ALCTS Subject Analysis Committee Subcommittee on Genre/Form Implementation
SUMMARY: This paper discusses defining new field 388 in the Authority format to record chronological terms representing the date or time period of creation or origin of works and expressions.
KEYWORDS: Field 388 (AD); Field 648 (BD); Chronological categories (AD); Genre/Form; Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials; LCGFT
STATUS/COMMENTS:
05/31/13 – Made available to the MARC community for discussion.
06/29/13 – Results of MARC Advisory Committee discussion: MARBI agreed in general with the discussion paper, but suggested using some different examples or revising some of them; along with perhaps a rethinking of the meanings/use of the indicator values. The SAC Subcommittee on Genre/Form Implementation will be revising the paper as a proposal.
MARC Discussion Paper No. 2012-DP03 and MARC Proposal 2013-07 described the implementation of Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials (LCGFT) and the implications of current projects to establish LCGFT terms for music and literature. Some aspects of works and expressions that are currently expressed in combination with form headings in LCSH will be out of scope for LCGFT, and will need to be recorded elsewhere in bibliographic and authority records.
One of these characteristics is the chronological origin aspect of a work, especially for describing the contents of collections/aggregated works.
Currently the chronological origin aspect of various kinds of works is included in subdivisions or phrase headings in LCSH (cf. e.g. Subject Headings Manual, H 1775 Literature: General) which are defined for use in form headings, for example:
Operas $y 18th century [for a collection of operas created in the 18th century]
English drama $y 19th century [for an anthology of English drama created in the 19th century]
Literature, Medieval [for an anthology European literature created during the Middle Ages]
Rock music $y 1961-1970 [for rock music popular during the seventh decade of the 20th century, or if that is not known, recorded during that decade]
Christian literature, Early [for a collection of literature written by Christians before the 8th century AD]
German poetry $y Early modern, 1500-1700 [for an anthology of German poetry created during the 16th and 17th centuries]
Given that LCGFT does not use subdivisions or phrases to express non-genre/form aspects of a genre/form term, it is unclear how the chronological aspect of these access points should be preserved. It could be argued that chronology is not actually subject information; but since it has been included in some cases in subject fields used to express genre/form, one immediate practical concern is to find a way of preserving that data when implementing more strictly-defined genre/form terms.
MARC Proposal 2013-07 proposed adding two new subfields to field 046 (Special Coded Dates) in the Bibliographic and Authority formats:
Bibliographic 046
$o - Single or starting date for aggregated contents
Single or starting date of origin or original publication of the contents of a published collection/aggregation$p - Ending date for aggregated contents
Ending date of origin or original publication of the contents of a collection/aggregation
Authority 046
$o - Single or starting date for aggregated contents
Single or starting date of origin or original publication of the contents of an aggregate work or expression$p - Ending date for aggregated contents
Ending date of origin or original publication of the contents of an aggregate work or expression
Proposal 2013-07 also proposed the creation of new first indicator values “0” and “1” in Bibliographic field 648 (Subject Added Entry--Chronological Term), and a revision of first indicator blank (#):
Bibliographic 648
First Indicator
# - No information provided
0 - Date or time period covered or depicted
1 - Date or time period of creation or origin
Proposal 2013-07 was approved as submitted by the ALA MARBI Committee at the MARC Advisory Committee meetings on January 27, 2013. In March 2013 the LC/LAC/BL review agreed with the MARBI decision.
At the January 27, 2013 MARBI meeting, the SAC Subcommittee on Genre/Form Implementation presented an addendum to the proposal for MARBI to consider. The day prior to the MARBI meeting, the Subcommittee met and realized that one additional aspect had been left out of the proposal: while there was a way to record chronological terms related to genre/form in the Bibliographic format using field 648, there was no way to record the same term in a work or expression authority record. Ideally, information about the genre/form, audience, creator characteristics, and creation or origin dates or time periods would be recorded just once, in a work or expression record, rather than over and over in bibliographic records for manifestations. Therefore, a place to record a controlled chronological term for creation dates, particularly for collections/aggregations of works and expressions, is needed in the Authority format.
Because of the extreme short notice of the addendum suggested to Proposal 2013-07, MARBI declined to consider it at the time they approved the original proposal. They asked that it come back as a separate paper, so that they would have adequate time to review it.
With individual works, the date of creation of work (as opposed to the date of the manifestation in-hand) is important and could be recorded in authority records for works or expressions. With aggregations, two types of dates could potentially be recorded as chronological terms: terms for the date of the creation of the aggregation itself, and terms for the contents of the aggregation. Common examples of this would be a sound recording collection made between 1964-1979 containing performances of operas composed in the 18th century or an anthology of medieval poetry published in 1990. As for coded dates in field 046, there will need to be a way to distinguish between chronological terms representing original creation dates of works and expressions in an aggregation and terms representing the date(s) of the aggregation itself.
Note that unlike the approved proposal for revision of Bibliographic field 648, the proposal below does not include provisions for recording terms for date or time period covered or depicted. This is subject information, and no proposals have yet been made for incorporating subject relationships into work and expression authority records. Chronological subject aspects will necessarily be a part of that bigger discussion when it takes place.
Define a new field in the Authority format:
N.B. LCSH terms for periods of time are used provisionally in most of the examples. Currently there is no LC controlled vocabulary intended for use in field 648. The use of FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology) chronological headings is also shown in some examples. LCSH literature and music headings are used provisionally in field 380 in the absence of comparable LCGFT terms, which are still under development.
Anne of Green Gables, a novel originally published in 1908
046 ## $k 1908
100 1# $a Montgomery, L. M. $q (Lucy Maud), $d 1874-1942. $t Anne of Green Gables
380 ## $a Fiction $2 lcsh
386 ## $a Canadians $2 lcsh
388 1# $a Nineteen-o-eight, A.D. $2 lcsh
Harry Potter and the sorcerer's stone (Motion picture), a film originally released in 2001
046 ## $k 2001
130 #0 $a Harry Potter and the sorcerer's stone (Motion picture)
430 #0 $a Harry Potter and the philosopher's stone (Motion picture)
380 ## $a Fantasy films $a Film adaptations $a Feature films $a Fiction films $2 lcgft
388 1# $a Two thousand one, A.D. $2 lcsh $0 (DLC)sh2003001225
Nineteenth century English drama, an ongoing microform set issued from 1985 on
046 ## $k 1985 $l 9999 $o 1800 $p 1899
130 #0 $a Nineteenth century English drama (Anthology)
380 ## $a Drama $2 lcsh
386 ## $a British $2 lcsh $0 (DLC)sh 85016960
388 2# $a Nineteenth century $2 lcsh $0 (DLC)sh 85091984
Forked branches, medieval poetry of the 9th to 14th centuries, with translations into English by Ezra Pound, published in 1985
046 ## $k 1985 $o 0800 $p 1399
130 #0 $a Forked branches
380 ## $a Poetry $2 lcsh
386 ## $a Europeans $2 lcsh $0 (uri)http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85045859
388 2# $a Middle Ages $2 lcsh $0 (uri)http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85085001
388 1# $a Nineteen eighty-five, A.D. $2 lcsh $0 (uri)http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh91005435
Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, rock music album released in 1967
046 ## $k 1967
110 2# $a Beatles. $t Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band
380 ## $a Rock music $2 lcsh
388 1# $a Nineteen sixty-seven, A.D. $a Nineteen sixties $2 lcsh
388 1# $a 1960-1969 $2 fast
Die grossen Opern, a 22-disc collection of eight Mozart operas, recorded 1964-1979, released in 1980; the individual works date from 1781, 1782, 1786, 1787, 1790, and 1791
046 ## $k 1980 $o 1700 $p 1799
100 1# $a Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, $d 1756-1791. $t Operas. $k Selections. $f 1980
380 ## $a Operas $2 lcsh
388 2# $a 1781-1791 $2 fast
388 2# $a Eighteenth century $2 fast $0 (uri)http://id.worldcat.org/fast/904058
Mae West : the glamour collection, a DVD set of films originally released 1932-1940, collection copyright 2006
046 ## $k 2006 $o 1932 $p 1940
130 #0 $a Mae West (Film anthology)
380 ## $a Feature films $a Fiction films $2 lcgft
388 1# $a Two thousands (Decade) $2 lcsh
388 2# $a Nineteen thirties $a Nineteen forties $2 lcsh
5.1. Is there a need for recording chronological terms representing creation dates and time periods in authority records in addition to coded values that may be recorded in field 046? Does the Committee agree that there should be a field in authority records for time period of creation of works and expressions that parallels the use of the 648 field in bibliographic records? Would proposed field 388 accomplish this and be a useful way to collocate works and expressions based on controlled vocabularies for dates and time periods of creation? Are there other alternatives to consider?
5.2. Do you agree with the suggested method of distinguishing, through the first indicator, the difference between the date/time period of creation or origin of a work/expression (including an aggregate work) and the date/time period of creation or origin of the individual works/expression included in an aggregation?
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