Top-level Element: <relatedItem> (MODS Ver. 3 User Guidelines: Metadata Object Description Schema, Library of Congress)

<relatedItem> is a container element under which any MODS element may be used as a subelement. It is thus fully recursive.

Since <relatedItem> may include any MODS element as a subelement, it may describe a constituent item if that is desired. This may be suitable, for instance, for complex objects that require specific descriptive information for constituent parts, but that are considered intellectually one object (e.g. a CD with several tracks, digitized or analog).

<relatedItem> includes a designation of the specific type of relationship as a value of the type attribute; a controlled list of types is enumerated in the schema.

Specific DLF/Aquifer Guidelines

The DLF/Aquifer Implementation Guidelines for Shareable MODS Records recommend the use of the <relatedItem> element in three cases:

Although the MODS <relatedItem> element allows multiple items to be described in a hierarchical fashion within a single MODS record, the DLF/Aquifer guidelines recommend that the use of the <relatedItem> element be restricted to the three cases described above. Do not use multiple nested <relatedItem> elements within a single MODS record to describe an entire collection in metadata records shared for aggregation. Deep recursion may be counter-productive.

The core MODS record should describe the resource at the level metadata aggregators should return as matches to user queries. Information about the original from which a digital surrogate or reproduction was made should be included in the main record. Any subelements of the <relatedItem> element should describe related material of only subsidiary interest, helpful for identifying and completely describing a resource, or providing context for the resource which may be useful for retrieval.

The use of the type attribute is required. The DLF/Aquifer guidelines recommend the following type values for each of the recommended uses of <relatedItem>:

host – Use this value to describe a host or parent resource, for example a book in which an article appears or a collection in which an item belongs.
constituent – Use this value to describe parts of the resource, except information that falls within the scope of the MODS <tableOfContents> element.
series – Use this value to describe a named series of which the resource is a part.
otherVersion – Use this value to describe other versions of the work contained in the resource.

The use of the xlink:href attribute is recommended if applicable. Use this attribute to link to external resources. The DLF/Aquifer guidelines recommend that this attribute, when used, contain the URI of a MODS record or an OAI GetRecord request, if available, for a related resource. The 'info' URI scheme can also be used to encode an external link here using an LCCN or DOI (see www.loc.gov/standards/uri/info.html for more information). The DLF/Aquifer guidelines also recommend that no subelements appear under <relatedItem> when this attribute is used.

The use of the displayLabel attribute may be used to indicate the preferred labeling when displayed by a metadata aggregator.

Aggregator information: Links to related items may be displayed as links in record displays. Some related item elements for some types of relationships may be indexed (for example, series <titleInfo> might be indexed as a title or as a series title), and included in record display. Some elements of constituent parts may be indexed and included in record display.

Element Description

Attributes

This attribute may contain the following values:

preceding – Information concerning a predecessor to the resource.
succeeding – Information concerning a successor to the resource.
original – Information concerning an original form of the resource.
host – Information concerning a host or parent resource for the resource described; this may be a parent collection.
constituent – Information concerning a constituent unit of the resource. This allows for more specific parsed information than may be used in <tableOfContents>.
series – Information concerning the series in which a resource is issued.
otherVersion – Information concerning another version (i.e. change in intellectual content) of the resource.
otherFormat – Information concerning another format (i.e. change in physical format) of the resource.
isReferencedBy – Citations or references to published bibliographic descriptions, reviews, abstracts, or indexes of the content of the resource.
references – Information concerning a resource cited or referred to in the resource.
reviewOf – Information concerning a resource reviewed in the content of the resource.

Subelements

All MODS elements may appear as subelements of <relatedItem>. See the entries for the applicable top-level elements listed below. Although all MODS elements may be used, for purposes of interoperability, deep recursion may be counter-productive.

EXAMPLES

For Case 1: Linking

<relatedItem displayLabel="Preceding Title" type="preceding" xlink:href="http://hdl.loc.gov/umich.dli.moa/AGE3371"/>
<relatedItem xlink:href="info:lccn/85000002"/>

For Case 2: Context

<relatedItem displayLabel="Appears in" type="host">

<titleInfo>

<title>Post-Fordism</title>
<subTitle>A Reader</subTitle>

</titleInfo>
<name type="personal">

<namePart type="given">Ash</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Amin</namePart>
<role>

<roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm>

</role>

</name>
<originInfo>

<dateIssued>1994</dateIssued>
<publisher>Blackwell Publishers</publisher>
<place>

<placeTerm type="text">Oxford</placeTerm>

</place>

</originInfo>
<part>

<extent unit="page">

<start>23</start>
<end>45</end>

</extent>

</part>

</relatedItem>

For Case 3: Constituent parts

Example of a single track in a MODS record for a compact disc

<relatedItem type="constituent" ID="DMD_disc01_tr001">

<titleInfo type="uniform" authority="naf">

<title>Chaconne von Vitali</title>

</titleInfo>
<titleInfo>

<title>Chaconne</title>

</titleInfo>
<name type="personal" authority="naf">

<namePart>Vitali, Tomaso Antonio</namePart>
<namePart type="date">1663-1745</namePart>
<role>

<roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">composer</roleTerm>

</role>

</name>
<name type="personal" authority="naf">

<namePart>Blatt, Josef</namePart>
<role>

<roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">performer</roleTerm>

</role>

</name>
<physicalDescription>

<extent>9:55</extent>

</physicalDescription>
<note type="Standard Restriction">This item is unavailable due to copyright restrictions.</note>
<note type="performers">Nathan Milstein, violin ; Josef Blatt, piano.</note>
<note type="statement of responsibility">Tomaso Vitali</note>
<note>Originally for violin and continuo; arr. for violin and piano.</note>
<note>Attributed to Tomaso Vitali, but most likely not by him.</note>
<subject authority="lcsh">

<topic>Chaconnes (Violin and piano), Arranged.</topic>

</subject>

</relatedItem>

<title>William P. Gottlieb Collection</title>

</titleInfo>
<relatedItem type="constituent">;

<titleInfo>

<title>[Portrait of Charlie Parker and Tommy Potter, Three Deuces, New York, N.Y., ca. Oct. 1947]</title>

</titleInfo>
<name>

<namePart>Gottlieb, William P.</namePart>
<namePart type="date">1917-</namePart>

</name>
<identifier type="local">LC-GLB23-0542</identifier>

</relatedItem>

<title>The dancer's guide and ballroom companion</title>

</titleInfo>
<relatedItem type="host" displayLabel="Parent">

<titleInfo>

<nonSort>The</nonSort>
<title>American ballroom companion :</title>
<subTitle>dance instruction manuals, ca. 1600-1920 /</subTitle>

</titleInfo>
<identifier type="lccn">98801326</identifier>
<identifier type="uri">http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/dihtml/dihome.html</identifier>

</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="isReferencedBy">

<titleInfo>

<title>Luck</title>

</titleInfo>
<name type="personal">

<namePart>Frederick, John</namePart>

</name>
<originInfo>

<place>

<placeTerm type="text">Argosy</placeTerm>

</place>
<dateIssued>1919</dateIssued>

</originInfo>

</relatedItem>

<title>Jay Robinson for Governor</title>

</titleInfo>
<relatedItem type="host">

<titleInfo>

<title>Election 2002 Web Archive</title>

</titleInfo>
<identifier type="uri">http://www.loc.gov/minerva/collect/elec2002/</identifier>

</relatedItem>

<title>Directory of computer assisted research in musicology</title>

</titleInfo>
<relatedItem type="succeeding">

<titleInfo>

<title>Computing in musicology</title>

</titleInfo>
<identifier type="issn">1057-9478</identifier>
<identifier type="lccn">(DLC) 91656596</identifier>
<identifier type="local">(OCoLC)21202412</identifier>

</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="otherVersion">

<titleInfo type="uniform">

<title>Modern maturity (NRTA edition)</title>

</titleInfo>
<identifier type="lccn">sn 84010086</identifier>

</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="host">

<titleInfo>

<title>International Journal of Urban and Regional Research</title>

</titleInfo>
<part>

<detail type="volume">

<number>24</number>

</detail>
<detail type="issue">

<number>2</number>
<caption>no.</caption>

</detail>
<extent unit="page">

<start>361</start>
<end>378</end>

</extent>
<date>2000</date>

</part>

</relatedItem>

<title>>Annali di geofisica</title>

</titleInfo>
<relatedItem type="preceding">

<titleInfo>

<title>Annales de géophysique</title>

</titleInfo>
<identifier type="issn">0003-4029</identifier>

</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="series">

<titleInfo>

<title>Collection africaine</title>

</titleInfo>

</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="related">

<titleInfo>

<title>Mashinovedenie</title>

</titleInfo>
<identifier type="local">(DLC)###90646274#</identifier>
<identifier type="local">(OCoLC)6258868</identifier>

</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="otherFormat">

<titleInfo>

<title>Americas</title>

</titleInfo>
<identifier type="issn">0003-1615</identifier>
<identifier type="local">(OCoLC)8370205</identifier>

</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="reviewOf">

<titleInfo><nonSort>The </nonSort><title>Handbook of 20th century literature</title></titleInfo>

</relatedItem>

MAPPINGS

MARC Mapping (Bibliographic)

<relatedItem> is equivalent to several fields in MARC 21. It includes the following:

Dublin Core Mapping

The MODS to Dublin Core Metadata Element Set Mapping recommends mapping the contents of the <relatedItem> element to the <dc:relation> element in simple Dublin Core. However, caution in mapping is recommended because <relatedItem> elements with many subelements may yield "an incomprehensible value." At the very least, mapping multiple subelements to the single <dc:relation> element will require addition of punctuation and re-ordering of elements to achieve the desired result. The type attribute of the <relatedItem> element may be used to determine a specialized mapping for each type.

Top-level Element: <relatedItem>

GUIDELINES FOR USE

Specific DLF/Aquifer Guidelines

Element Description

Attributes

Subelements

EXAMPLES

MAPPINGS

MARC Mapping (Bibliographic)

Dublin Core Mapping